伊恩·麦克尤恩作为当代英国文坛最著名的作家之一，凭借其作品中的暴力、谋杀、死亡、乱伦等黑暗阴森的敏感话题，被冠以“阴森的麦克尤恩”头衔。《赎罪》是麦克尤恩最负盛名的作品，诞生于他文学创作的成熟时期。该书通过描写主人公封闭孤独的内心世界以及冷漠疏离的社会关系，揭示了现代人所面临的社会困境，展现了麦克尤恩的人文关怀。

埃里希·弗洛姆是20世纪美籍德国人本主义哲学家，也是法兰克福学派的重要成员。本文拟以弗洛姆的异化理论来阐释小说的异化主题，回答以下两个研究问题：第一，异化主题分别体现在小说的哪些方面？第二，小说人物是如何克服异化，走上自我救赎之路的？结合弗洛姆异化理论的文本分析主要分为三个部分。首先是自我异化。幼年布里奥妮孤僻的性格和自我认同感的缺失是其自我异化产生的根源。成年之后，她主动与外界建立联系，并利用作家的身份完成赎罪。其次，人际异化主要表现为两方面：不和谐的家庭关系和阶级对立下的偏见。爱的回归与道德建构在一定程度上能够唤醒人的原始情感，缓和人际关系的紧绷与僵化。最后，人与科技的异化主要表现在军事技术异化带来的危害性。因此，有必要呼吁人们树立正确的技术观念，使技术回归于为人类服务的初衷，实现技术的人道化。

在社会物质文明高速发展的今天，人们对于生存问题比以往任何时候都更加敏感，因为很多人都遭受着精神孤独、自我迷失和沟通障碍。麦克尤恩在《赎罪》中生动再现了在资本主义生产关系下，异化了的人如何通过积极反抗，成功实现自救,走向人性回归之路。本文尝试为处于异化状态的人提供一些消解路径，人应该积极提高自我认同，建立交往信任，寻求与技术的平衡，从而重获理性与道德，最终建立一个人道主义社会。

Ian McEwan, one of the most famous contemporary British writers, has been dubbed "Ian Macabre" for his works on the dark and sensitive topics of violence, murder, death and incest. As his most famous work, Atonement was created in McEwan's prime. By describing the closed and lonely inner world of the protagonist, as well as the cold and alienated social relations, McEwan reveals the social dilemma faced by modern people, which demonstrates his humane concern.

Erich Fromm is a 20th-century German-American humanist philosopher and an important member of the Frankfurt School. This thesis intends to explain the theme of alienation in the novel in light of Fromm's alienation theory, answering the following two research questions: First, in what aspects of the novel is the theme of alienation manifested? Second, how do the characters overcome alienation and successfully achieve self-redemption? The textual analysis combined with Fromm's alienation theory mainly falls into three parts. In terms of self-alienation, Briony's withdrawn personality and lack of self-identity at an early age are the sources of self-alienation. Later, she takes the initiative to establish contact with the outside and complete redemption as a writer in adult life. In terms of interpersonal alienation, it is mainly manifested in discordant family relations and bias under class. The return of love and the construction of morality can help awaken people's original emotions and ease the rigidity of interpersonal relationships to a certain extent. Finally, the alienation of man and technology is mainly manifested in the harmfulness brought by the alienation of military technology. Therefore, it is necessary to realize that the original meaning of technology is to serve human beings. In this case, the humanization of technology will be realized.

Today, with the rapid development of social material civilization, people are more sensitive to the theme of survival than ever before, because they are suffering from spiritual loneliness, self-loss and communication barriers. In Atonement, McEwan vividly reproduces how, under the capitalist relations of production, alienated human beings succeed in returning to their humanity through active resistance. This thesis tries to provide some solutions for people in a state of alienation, hoping they seek self-identity, a sense of trust, and a balance with technology so as to regain rationality and morality, ultimately building a humanitarian society.