威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）作为英国文学领域中有着举足轻重地位的诗人之一，受到了世界各地读者和学者的关注。他们不仅将目光聚焦于华兹华斯优美的诗歌语言，更关注华兹华斯作品中对人与其所生活地方之间关系的创新性展示。其中最具代表性的是华兹华斯出生并成长的地方，英格兰西北部的湖区。凭借自己对湖区的细致观察和切身体会，华兹华斯在多部作品中形象描绘了湖区的地理环境、人文活动以及自然风景，以独特的方式构建了别样的湖区，从而证明文学中的地方可以通过阐释人与地方的互动，揭示了人类生活的意义和价值。但由于以往的学者主要关注华兹华斯写作的生态观点，挖掘华兹华斯诗歌中所客观记录的自然景观，鲜少将湖区作为独有的地方关注进行全面具体地辩证分析。有鉴于此，本论文拟通过贝尔唐·韦斯特法尔的地理批评视角来研究华兹华斯诗歌中的人与地方双向互动的湖区建构，从而为我们更好地理解地方提供了一个范例，促使我们思考地方的本质和意义。

华兹华斯诗歌中的湖区建构与18世纪的地理科学以及之前的地理书写有密切关联。18世纪科学的发展使人们开始理性思考人与地方的关系。风景神学的观点认为，一个地方的自然景观具有内涵上的神圣性；而17世纪的地形诗的核心宗旨则是风景中蕴含的政治和道德意义，这让诗人能够通过景观描写展示自己的道德与政治态度。在继承地理书写和地理科学的基础上，华兹华斯的湖区建构也是一种人地双向互动的典范，但他的湖区建构超越了以传统的形而上学或意识形态所理解的地方。

华兹华斯专注于人对地方景观的感官体验，通过这些感官体验，关于地方的思想被激发，它的意义也被挖掘。他也强调地方上的人与事对地方的互动性改造。这与韦斯特法尔的理论相契合，他强调作者与所描写地方的互动性建构。具体来说，在韦斯特法尔地理批评中，多模型焦点、共感融合和空时性三种模型可以用来解释人们对一个地方概念化的认知过程，以及这些人如何将他们的记忆、情感和身份投射到景观上，从而改变着地方。

根据共感模型，华兹华斯从视觉、听觉和触觉三个角度，描绘了湖区崇山峻岭带来的训诫和美丽原野的愉悦，记录了湖区由寂静和喧嚣产生的思想体验，阐释了湖区温暖的阳光和寒冷的冬天带给他的不同体验。通过这些感官体验，华兹华斯向读者解释感官如何帮助他将湖区的风景和环境转化为对生命的思考，从而理解地方景观如何成为人类的导师。空时性模型下的湖区也影响了华兹华斯对地方的认识。湖区满足了华兹华斯儿时的好奇心，这段关于童年的记忆使他对生活保持着期待。而居住在此的村民们的美好美德使湖区成为和谐社会，帮助他重新建立起对人类进步的信念。多模型聚焦则根据人对地方的不同感知将人们对地方的感知视角分为:外源性、异质性和内源性。华兹华斯以一种不同于其他两种视角的内源性视角，通过诗意的描写表达了他对湖区的个人情感，赋予了这个地方特殊的意义。

基于地理科学和书写传统的基础上，华兹华斯将自己对地方的所思所想融入对湖区的构建，从而塑造一个人与地方双向互动的典型。他诗歌中的湖区建构使得湖区不再是一个纯粹的地理空间，而是一个“人化”的地方。这种地方建构为我们理解以及思考我们所生活的地方的本质意义提供了一个范例。

As one of the most important poets in English literature, William Wordsworth has attracted the attention of many readers and scholars worldwide. They not only focus on highly Wordsworthian lyrical poetic language in his poems but also pay much attention to the poet's innovative presentation of the relationship between man and his natural environments or places, of which, the Lake District in northwest England is representative as Wordsworth born and grew up there. In line with his careful observation of and personal life experience in the Lake District, Wordsworth vividly depicts its geographical environment, human activities, and natural landscapes. Moreover, in turn, Wordsworth constructs a different Lake District in his way, exemplifying the argument that place in literature reveals the meaning and value of human life by explaining the interaction between people and places. However, by mainly focusing on the perspective of ecologism to analyze what scenery Wordsworth has recorded, scholars have rarely made a comprehensive and specific dialectical analysis of the Lake District as a local concern of the poet. In view of this, the current thesis intends to explore Wordsworth's poetic construction of the Lake District from the perspective of geocriticism of Bertrand Westphal by revealing the two-way interactions between place and human beings unfolded in the works, providing a good example for us to better understand the meaning of place to man.

Wordsworth's construction of the Lake District is closely related to the geographical writings and geographical science in 18th century England. In the 18th century, the development of science made people begin to think about the relationship between man and place. The widespread influence of geographical writings bore on, unavoidably, Wordsworth's writing, which informed that the natural landscape of one place was connotatively sacred and enshrined, namely, theodicy of the landscape and that it implicated political and moral meanings, the core tenet of the topographic poetry. Against the theoretical background, Wordsworth constructs the Lake District as a model of interactions between place and human beings. But his construction goes beyond, if not running against, the traditional metaphysical or ideological understandings of the place.

Wordsworth has focused, at large, on the sensory experiences of the local natural landscapes and the perceptions of both people there and the change made by the people. Through these bodily senses, thoughts about the place are instigated and meanings of it excavated. On this very point, it fits well with Westphal's theoretical formulations, which emphasize the importance of somatic, physical, and psychological influence on one's cognition of places as well as people's transformation to the place. Specifically, Westphal adopts three models of multifocalization, polysensoriality, and spatiotemporality to interpret the cognitive process of conceptualizing a place by people who are, more often than not, disposed to project their memories, emotions, and identities on the landscape.

According to polysensoriality, Wordsworth depicts his sensory feelings of the sublime mountains and beautiful fields, the silence and noise, as well as the warm sunshine and the cold winter. Through these sensory experiences, Wordsworth explains to readers how the senses help him to transform the landscape of the Lake District into reflections on life, and thus, understanding why the natural landscape of a place is the tutor of human beings. Meanwhile, the model of spatiotemporality also makes an impact on Wordsworth's perception of the Lake District. The Lake District satisfies Wordsworth's childhood curiosity, and his memories of the Lake District help him to keep looking forward to life. The virtues of the people who live in the Lake District make this place a template of a harmonious society, helping him rebuild his faith in human progress. From the perspective of multifocalization, different people have different perceptions of and actions in the same place because of their different identities, namely, exogenous, allogeneous, and endogenous. Holding an endogenous perspective as contrasted to the other two perspectives taken by other people, Wordsworth expresses through poetic descriptions his personal emotions about the Lake District, giving special meaning to this place.

In light of geographic science and writings, Wordsworth incorporates his own thoughts about place into the construction of the Lake District, thus shaping a two-way interaction between place and human beings. Therefore, the Lake District in Wordsworth's poems is not a purely geographical space but a richly idealized and humanized place. This construction of place provides a personal example for people to understand and think about the essential meaning of the place we live in.