空间甚长基线干涉测量（Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry，SVLBI）技术是地面甚长基线干涉测量技术在空间的延伸，即把干涉仪的基线扩展到空间中，以突破地球直径对基线矢量长度的限制。对于SVLBI而言，空间观测点因具有良好的机动性能，故可以有效的提升其对目标天体的观测效率，扩大天区的覆盖范围，同时还可以在较短的时间内便获得具有一定规模的UV覆盖，增加了对射电源空间频率信息的采样量，有效的减少UV覆盖图中的空隙，因此，无论是从对目标天体的观测效率上，还是在目标天体的成像效果方面，SVLBI技术都比地面VLBI技术更加有优势。

从观测的角度看，SVLBI技术对目标天体的覆盖性能不仅包括空间-时间域覆盖，即对射电源的可见时长以及天区的观测范围；还应拓展到目标天体的空间频率特性，即SVLBI技术对射电源空间频率信息的采样能力；二者是内在的有机整体，共同影响着SVLBI系统的观测能力，也是SVLBI系统设计和后期数据处理中必须着重考虑的内容。目前关于SVLBI技术的空间-时间域覆盖和空间频域覆盖的研究较少。本文将针对SVLBI技术中的目标天体的覆盖，从空间-时间域覆盖和UV覆盖两方面展开研究，提出空间观测的分析方法，并设计了几类场景进行仿真与验证。

第二章针对SVLBI技术的几何观测模型，分析了基线误差和时延误差对射电源角位置测量精度的影响，研究了天线灵敏度和观测频段对SVLBI技术巡天观测效率方面的影响，并与地面VLBI技术观测性能进行对比。

第三章分析了影响射电源可见性的主要因素，建立了目标天体可见性的数学模型，提出了一种基于天基和地基射电望远镜对目标天体空间域覆盖的计算方法，并给出了求解流程。在此基础上，选取了25颗射电源，分别计算了处于四个不同轨道面的卫星以及地面四个观测站对射电源的可见时段。通过计算结果可知，对于全天可见性而言，空间卫星对射电源的可见时长明显优于地面测站，且天体遮挡时长百分比均在10%以下；对于全年可见性而言，太阳辐射的干扰时间是连续的，且集中在夏至点和冬至点附近。分析了天基和地基射电望远镜在巡天观测中对天区的覆盖情况，给出了不同观测时长下对应的覆盖结果。通过计算可知，地面测站和空间卫星在全年观测结束后对天区的覆盖结果均会出现一个近似菱形的区域未被覆盖到，该菱形区域横向最大跨度约为30°，与本文所设定的太阳遮蔽角吻合。

第四章针对SVLBI技术干涉成像问题，给出了干涉成像的理论推导过程以及射电源信号亮度分布图的还原方法。提出了非即时UV覆盖平面图的求解方法，仿真计算了SVLBI卫星处于椭圆轨道和圆形轨道时的非即时UV覆盖平面图；在此基础上，给出了UV覆盖结果差异的评价方法。结果表明：SVLBI卫星处于椭圆轨道面时能够获得更好的UV覆盖，理论空间角分辨率可以达到17.04微角秒。为了增加射电望远镜对南半球射电源的观测时长，设计了一组卫星轨道参数，最终的计算结果与设计目的吻合，验证了本文中所设计的卫星轨道参数的正确性。

本文提出的基于SVLBI技术的星地联合观测实现了对目标天体的空间域和空间频域的覆盖求解，可以为后续的射电源的选取、观测时间的确定、射电源频域覆盖以及空间观测点轨道的建立提供重要的方法支撑和数据支持。

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (SVLBI) is an extension of the ground very long baseline interferometry technology in space, that is, the baseline of the interferometer is extended into space to break through the limitation of the earth's diameter on the length of the baseline vector . For SVLBI, the space observation point has good maneuverability, so it can effectively improve the observation efficiency of the target celestial body, expand the coverage of the celestial area, and at the same time can obtain a certain size in a short time. UV coverage increases the amount of sampling of the spatial frequency information of the radio source and effectively reduces the gaps in the UV coverage map. Therefore, whether it is from the observation efficiency of the target celestial body or the imaging effect of the target celestial body, SVLBI technology has More advantages than ground VLBI technology.

 

From an observation point of view, the SVLBI system's coverage of target celestial bodies includes not only the space-time domain coverage, that is, the visible duration of the radio source and the observation range of the celestial region; it should also be extended to the spatial frequency characteristics of the target celestial body, namely the SVBI technology Sampling ability of radio frequency information of radio source; both are internal organic wholes, which together affect the observation ability of SVLBI technology, and also must be considered in SVLBI system design and later data processing. At present, there are few studies on space-time coverage and spatial frequency domain coverage of SVLBI system. This article will focus on the coverage of the target celestial body in the SVLBI system, from space-time coverage and UV coverage to carry out research, put forward the analysis method of space observation, and design several types of scenarios for simulation and verification.

 

The second chapter aims at the geometric observation model of SVLBI technology, analyzes the influence of baseline error and time delay error on the measurement accuracy of radio source angular position measurement, studies the influence of antenna sensitivity and observation frequency band on the survey observation efficiency of SVLBI system, and compares it with the ground Compare the observed performance of the system.

 

Chapter three analyzes the main factors affecting the visibility of radio sources, establishes a mathematical model of the visibility of the target celestial body, proposes a calculation method based on the space-based and ground-based radio telescope coverage of the target celestial body, and gives a solution Process. On this basis, 25 radio sources were selected, and the visible periods of the radio sources for satellites in four different orbital planes and four observation stations on the ground were calculated respectively. It can be seen from the calculation results that the visibility time of the space satellite to the radio power source is obviously better than that of the ground station for the full-sky visibility, and the percentage of the occlusion time of the celestial bodies is less than 10%; The time is continuous and concentrated near the summer solstice and winter solstice. The coverage of sky-based and ground-based radio telescopes in the sky survey is analyzed, and the corresponding coverage results under different observation durations are given. Through calculation, it can be seen that the coverage results of the ground stations and space satellites in the sky area after the whole year of observation will appear to be an approximate diamond-shaped area that is not covered. The maximum horizontal span of the diamond-shaped area is 30 °, which is the The angle of the sun's shadow coincides.

 

The fourth chapter aims at the problem of interference imaging of SVLBI technology, and gives the theoretical derivation process of interference imaging and the method of restoring the brightness distribution of radio signal. A solution method for non-instant UV coverage plan is proposed. The non-immediate UV coverage plan of SVLBI satellite in elliptical orbit orbit is calculated by simulation. On this basis, the evaluation method of the difference in UV coverage results is given. The results show that the SVLBI satellite can obtain better UV coverage when it is in an elliptical orbit, and the theoretical spatial angular resolution can reach 17.04 micro-angle seconds. In order to increase the observation time of the radio telescope on the southern hemisphere radio source, a set of satellite orbit parameters were designed, and the calculation results were consistent with the design purpose, which verified the correctness of the satellite orbit parameters designed in this paper.

 

The joint satellite-ground observation based on the SVLBI technology proposed in this paper realizes the coverage of the space and frequency domain of the target celestial body, which can be used for the subsequent selection of the radio source, the determination of the observation time, the coverage of the radio frequency domain and the space observation point The establishment of the track provides important method support and data support.

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (SVLBI) is an extension of the ground very long baseline interferometry technology in space, that is, the baseline of the interferometer is extended into space to break through the limitation of the earth's diameter on the length of the baseline vector . For SVLBI, the space observation point has good maneuverability, so it can effectively improve the observation efficiency of the target celestial body, expand the coverage of the celestial area, and at the same time can obtain a certain size in a short time. UV coverage increases the amount of sampling of the spatial frequency information of the radio source and effectively reduces the gaps in the UV coverage map. Therefore, whether it is from the observation efficiency of the target celestial body or the imaging effect of the target celestial body, SVLBI technology has More advantages than ground VLBI technology.

 

From an observation point of view, the SVLBI system's coverage of target celestial bodies includes not only the space-time domain coverage, that is, the visible duration of the radio source and the observation range of the celestial region; it should also be extended to the spatial frequency characteristics of the target celestial body, namely the SVBI technology Sampling ability of radio frequency information of radio source; both are internal organic wholes, which together affect the observation ability of SVLBI technology, and also must be considered in SVLBI system design and later data processing. At present, there are few studies on space-time coverage and spatial frequency domain coverage of SVLBI system. This article will focus on the coverage of the target celestial body in the SVLBI system, from space-time coverage and UV coverage to carry out research, put forward the analysis method of space observation, and design several types of scenarios for simulation and verification.

 

The second chapter aims at the geometric observation model of SVLBI technology, analyzes the influence of baseline error and time delay error on the measurement accuracy of radio source angular position measurement, studies the influence of antenna sensitivity and observation frequency band on the survey observation efficiency of SVLBI system, and compares it with the ground Compare the observed performance of the system.

 

Chapter three analyzes the main factors affecting the visibility of radio sources, establishes a mathematical model of the visibility of the target celestial body, proposes a calculation method based on the space-based and ground-based radio telescope coverage of the target celestial body, and gives a solution Process. On this basis, 25 radio sources were selected, and the visible periods of the radio sources for satellites in four different orbital planes and four observation stations on the ground were calculated respectively. It can be seen from the calculation results that the visibility time of the space satellite to the radio power source is obviously better than that of the ground station for the full-sky visibility, and the percentage of the occlusion time of the celestial bodies is less than 10%; The time is continuous and concentrated near the summer solstice and winter solstice. The coverage of sky-based and ground-based radio telescopes in the sky survey is analyzed, and the corresponding coverage results under different observation durations are given. Through calculation, it can be seen that the coverage results of the ground stations and space satellites in the sky area after the whole year of observation will appear to be an approximate diamond-shaped area that is not covered. The maximum horizontal span of the diamond-shaped area is 30 °, which is the The angle of the sun's shadow coincides.

 

The fourth chapter aims at the problem of interference imaging of SVLBI technology, and gives the theoretical derivation process of interference imaging and the method of restoring the brightness distribution of radio signal. A solution method for non-instant UV coverage plan is proposed. The non-immediate UV coverage plan of SVLBI satellite in elliptical orbit orbit is calculated by simulation. On this basis, the evaluation method of the difference in UV coverage results is given. The results show that the SVLBI satellite can obtain better UV coverage when it is in an elliptical orbit, and the theoretical spatial angular resolution can reach 17.04 micro-angle seconds. In order to increase the observation time of the radio telescope on the southern hemisphere radio source, a set of satellite orbit parameters were designed, and the calculation results were consistent with the design purpose, which verified the correctness of the satellite orbit parameters designed in this paper.

 

The joint satellite-ground observation based on the SVLBI technology proposed in this paper realizes the coverage of the space and frequency domain of the target celestial body, which can be used for the subsequent selection of the radio source, the determination of the observation time, the coverage of the radio frequency domain and the space observation point The establishment of the track provides important method support and data support.

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (SVLBI) is an extension of the ground very long baseline interferometry technology in space, that is, the baseline of the interferometer is extended into space to break through the limitation of the earth's diameter on the length of the baseline vector . For SVLBI, the space observation point has good maneuverability, so it can effectively improve the observation efficiency of the target celestial body, expand the coverage of the celestial area, and at the same time can obtain a certain size in a short time. UV coverage increases the amount of sampling of the spatial frequency information of the radio source and effectively reduces the gaps in the UV coverage map. Therefore, whether it is from the observation efficiency of the target celestial body or the imaging effect of the target celestial body, SVLBI technology has More advantages than ground VLBI technology.

 

From an observation point of view, the SVLBI system's coverage of target celestial bodies includes not only the space-time domain coverage, that is, the visible duration of the radio source and the observation range of the celestial region; it should also be extended to the spatial frequency characteristics of the target celestial body, namely the SVBI technology Sampling ability of radio frequency information of radio source; both are internal organic wholes, which together affect the observation ability of SVLBI technology, and also must be considered in SVLBI system design and later data processing. At present, there are few studies on space-time coverage and spatial frequency domain coverage of SVLBI system. This article will focus on the coverage of the target celestial body in the SVLBI system, from space-time coverage and UV coverage to carry out research, put forward the analysis method of space observation, and design several types of scenarios for simulation and verification.

 

The second chapter aims at the geometric observation model of SVLBI technology, analyzes the influence of baseline error and time delay error on the measurement accuracy of radio source angular position measurement, studies the influence of antenna sensitivity and observation frequency band on the survey observation efficiency of SVLBI system, and compares it with the ground Compare the observed performance of the system.

 

Chapter three analyzes the main factors affecting the visibility of radio sources, establishes a mathematical model of the visibility of the target celestial body, proposes a calculation method based on the space-based and ground-based radio telescope coverage of the target celestial body, and gives a solution Process. On this basis, 25 radio sources were selected, and the visible periods of the radio sources for satellites in four different orbital planes and four observation stations on the ground were calculated respectively. It can be seen from the calculation results that the visibility time of the space satellite to the radio power source is obviously better than that of the ground station for the full-sky visibility, and the percentage of the occlusion time of the celestial bodies is less than 10%; The time is continuous and concentrated near the summer solstice and winter solstice. The coverage of sky-based and ground-based radio telescopes in the sky survey is analyzed, and the corresponding coverage results under different observation durations are given. Through calculation, it can be seen that the coverage results of the ground stations and space satellites in the sky area after the whole year of observation will appear to be an approximate diamond-shaped area that is not covered. The maximum horizontal span of the diamond-shaped area is 30 °, which is the The angle of the sun's shadow coincides.

 

The fourth chapter aims at the problem of interference imaging of SVLBI technology, and gives the theoretical derivation process of interference imaging and the method of restoring the brightness distribution of radio signal. A solution method for non-instant UV coverage plan is proposed. The non-immediate UV coverage plan of SVLBI satellite in elliptical orbit orbit is calculated by simulation. On this basis, the evaluation method of the difference in UV coverage results is given. The results show that the SVLBI satellite can obtain better UV coverage when it is in an elliptical orbit, and the theoretical spatial angular resolution can reach 17.04 micro-angle seconds. In order to increase the observation time of the radio telescope on the southern hemisphere radio source, a set of satellite orbit parameters were designed, and the calculation results were consistent with the design purpose, which verified the correctness of the satellite orbit parameters designed in this paper.

 

The joint satellite-ground observation based on the SVLBI technology proposed in this paper realizes the coverage of the space and frequency domain of the target celestial body, which can be used for the subsequent selection of the radio source, the determination of the observation time, the coverage of the radio frequency domain and the space observation point The establishment of the track provides important method support and data support.

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