在人类社会发展进程中，城乡关系的演变与更迭标志着人类社会生产力的进步，亦表明一定时期内社会生产力与生产关系的互动情况。马克思与恩格斯虽未直接将城乡关系作为研究对象，但在他们的多部著述文献中，仍然包含着符合人类社会发展规律的城乡关系观点及论断。换言之，马克思与恩格斯在批判资本主义、创立科学社会主义的过程中，他们在城乡关系方面的思想也应运而生了。在新发展阶段研究这一思想，既有利于把握这一思想本身，也有利于从城乡关系视角出发，去加深对马克思主义理论的理解。

       然而，在城乡关系方面，马克思与恩格斯虽然证实了未来社会实现“城乡融合”的合理性，提出实现“城乡融合”的基本路径，但却没能在当时付诸实践。以马克思主义为指导的中国，将马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想与中国实际不断结合，取得了这一思想中国化的理论成果与实践成果，也积累了相关的经验与教训。以马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想为基本遵循，梳理20世纪以来中国城乡关系的历史演进，有助于在具体现实中批判、继承与发展马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想，而非只去谈论这一思想本身。

       回归研究的靶向，可以归纳为两点：其一，以马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想为研究对象，从城乡关系的视角出发，再度认识与理解马克思主义理论；其二，立足当前中国城乡关系现状，结合马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想的主要特点，从规律论、矛盾论、真理论的角度出发，讨论其在当代中国城乡关系发展过程中的理论意义。

       在前述基础上，研究获得了如下成果：其一，在回归经典与既有研究成果后，对马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想形成的主要理论来源进行比较与甄别，并对马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想与这些理论来源的联系予以阐明；其二，基于逻辑与历史相统一的方法论，从形成过程与内容方面，提出马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想的主要特点，意在说明：这些特点不仅是马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想明显区别于同时代其他城乡关系思想的重要原因，更是其能够指导21世纪中国城乡关系发展的、经久不衰的奥秘；其三，根据马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想的主要特点，进一步探讨马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想的理论意义；其四，在马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想所蕴含的方法论的指导下，指出中国共产党在探寻中国城乡关系发展规律的过程中，对马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想所进行的继承、发展与创新。

       总括而言，当前研究马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想，在理论层面与现实层面都意义重大。城乡间发展的不平衡是当前中国社会发展存在的、颇为明显的不平衡之一。在对待马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想所蕴含的立场、观点与方法论方面，秉持批判继承、开拓创新的原则，这不仅有助于我们科学看待中国城乡关系的历史与现实，还有助于我们作出符合时代变化与中国城乡社会发展规律的科学展望。

关 键 词：城乡关系， 马克思恩格斯城乡关系思想， 城乡融合发展

The relationship between urban and rural areas is a relatively basic pair of relations in the development of human society and an important manifestation of human social productivity in the form of settlement. Although Marx and Engels did not directly take the urban-rural relationship as the research target, they still contain the views and judgments of urban-rural relationship in accordance with the law of human society development in many of their works. Marx and Engels' thoughts on the relationship between urban and rural areas were formed in the process of Marx and Engels' criticism of capitalism and establishment of scientific socialism. To study this thought in the new development stage is not only conducive to grasp the thought itself, but also conducive to deepen the understanding of Marxist theory from the perspective of urban-rural relations.

However, in terms of the relationship between urban and rural areas, although Marx and Engels confirmed the rationality of the future society to achieve "urban-rural integration" and proposed the basic path to achieve "urban-rural integration", they failed to put it into practice at that time. Guided by Marxism, China combines the thoughts of Marx and Engels on urban-rural relations with the reality of China, and has obtained the theoretical and practical results of the sinicization of this thought, and also accumulated relevant experience and lessons. It is helpful to criticize, inherit and develop the thoughts of Marx and Engels on urban-rural relations, rather than just talk about the thought itself, by sorting out the historical evolution of China's urban-rural relations since the 20th century based on Marx and Engels' thoughts.

The target of regression research can be summarized into two points: Firstly, taking Marx and Engels' thoughts of urban-rural relationship as the research object, and starting from the perspective of urban-rural relationship, we can re-understand and understand the Marxist theory; Secondly, based on the current situation of China's urban-rural relations, combining with the main characteristics of Marx and Engels' urban-rural relations, from the perspectives of law theory, contradiction theory and truth theory, this paper discusses its theoretical significance in the process of the development of contemporary China's urban-rural relations.

On the basis of the above, the research has obtained the following results: Firstly, after returning to the classics and the existing research results, the main theoretical sources of the formation of Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations are compared and identified, and the connection between Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations and these theoretical sources is clarified; Secondly, based on the methodology of the unification of logic and history, this paper puts forward the main characteristics of Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relationship from the aspects of its formation process and content, aiming to explain: These characteristics are not only the important reasons why Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations are obviously different from other contemporary thoughts on urban-rural relations, but also the enduring mysteries of Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations, which can guide the development of China's urban-rural relations in the 21st century; Thirdly, according to the main characteristics of Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations, the theoretical significance of Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations is further discussed. Fourthly, under the guidance of the methodology contained in Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations, it points out that the Communist Party of China inherited, developed and innovated Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations in the process of exploring the development rules of China's urban-rural relations.

To sum up, the current study of Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relationship is of great significance in both theoretical and practical aspects. The unbalance between urban and rural development is one of the obvious unbalance existing in China's social development at present. In dealing with relationship between urban and rural areas by Marx and Engels thoughts contained in the stand, viewpoint and methodology, adhere to the principle of critical inheritance, innovation, this not only helps us to scientific view of China's urban and rural relationship between history and reality, also in line with The Times to help us to make a change and the scientific outlook of China's urban and rural social development law.

Keywords:Urban-rural relations, Marx and Engels' thoughts on urban-rural relations, Urban-rural integration development