随着无线通信技术的发展，具有宽频带，小型化，低交叉极化电平，稳定辐射方向图等良好性能的天线越来越受欢迎。特别是在相控阵天线的应用中，具有更宽的频带意味着可适用于更多的应用领域，具有体积更小的天线单元意味着可广泛的应用于各种飞行器。因此，研究具有宽频带小型化特性的阵列天线单元具有非常重要的工程意义。在相控阵天线的应用中，微带印刷振子天线因为其成本低，重量轻以及易于安装和制造而广受欢迎。然而，传统的微带印刷振子天线难以在足够宽的频带内同时获得小型化，低交叉极化电平和稳定的辐射方向图。本文基于传统微带印刷振子天线，对其宽频带、小型化和低交叉极化特性进行了深入研究。论文的主要工作与研究成果如下：

1. 基于微带印刷振子天线的宽频带设计。首先设计了一款具有双边引向器的微带印刷振子天线。为了改善其宽带特性，该天线采用阻抗变换馈电巴伦；通过引入双边引向器使得天线获得了更加稳定的辐射特性，并进一步改善了阻抗特性。该天线尺寸为27×22×12mm³，实现了约为24.2%(8.1～10.1GHz)的阻抗带宽，在E平面和H平面分别获得了大于 和 的半功率波束宽度；然后设计了一款具有低交叉极化电平的微带印刷振子天线。为了降低其交叉极化电平，该天线采用双面印刷振子臂结构；通过加载寄生单元，极大的扩展了天线的阻抗带宽。该天线尺寸为47×33×1.57mm³，实现了约为76.9%(2.4～5.4GHz)的阻抗带宽，在E平面和H平面分别得到了小于-40dB和-20dB的交叉极化电平。

2. 基于微带印刷振子天线的小型化宽频带设计。首先设计了一款宽带小型化微带印刷振子天线，通过改进耦合槽线为阶梯状加载扇形结构，并利用多级阻抗变换技术和馈电巴伦匹配端加载扇形的方法，实现了微带印刷振子天线的宽带化和小型化。该天线尺寸为19.5×14.6×0.47mm³，实现了约为40%(8～12GHz)的阻抗带宽，在E平面和H平面分别获得了大于 和 的半功率波束宽度。然后将该天线组成1×5的阵列，并使用1分5不等分馈电网络对其馈电，该阵列的尺寸为120×67×15.7mm³，仿真结果表明，1×5阵列天线增益≥10.26dBi，H面波束宽度＞ ，E面波束宽度＞ 。最后对该阵列加工并测试，测试结果与仿真结果吻合。

3. 基于微带印刷振子天线阵列的低副瓣设计。设计了一款低副瓣天馈线天线，利用泰勒幅度加权分布实现了低副瓣的要求。所提出的天线阵列是由一分六十四不等分馈电网络和天线阵面级联构成，该天线结构尺寸为1728×22×112.55 mm³，仿真结果表明，天线增益≥22dB，波束宽度≤ 以及副瓣电平≤-25dB，满足设计指标要求；采用天线阵面和馈电网络一体化加工，有利于降低安装过程中产生的误差，具有一定的工程实用价值。

With the development of wireless communication technology, antennas with good performance such as wide frequency bands, miniaturization, low cross-polarization levels, and stable radiation patterns are becoming more and more popular. Especially in the application of phased array antennas, having a wider frequency band means that it can be applied to more application fields, and having a smaller antenna element means that it can be widely used in various aircraft. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study array antenna elements with the characteristics of miniaturization in a wide frequency band. In the application of phased array antennas, microstrip printed dipole antennas are popular because of their low cost, light weight, and ease of installation and manufacturing. However, it is difficult for the conventional microstrip printed dipole antenna to obtain miniaturization, low cross-polarization level and stable radiation pattern simultaneously in a sufficiently wide frequency band. In this thesis, based on the traditional microstrip printed dipole antenna, the characteristics of its wide frequency band, miniaturization and low cross-polarization are studied in depth. The main work and research results of the paper are as follows:

 

Firstly, broadband design based on microstrip printed dipole antenna. A microstrip printed dipole antenna with bilateral directors is designed. In order to improve its broadband characteristics, the antenna uses an impedance-transformed balun; the introduction of bilateral directors allows the antenna to obtain more stable radiation characteristics and further improve the impedance characteristics. The size of the antenna is 27×22×12mm³, which achieves an impedance bandwidth of about 24.2% (8.1～10.1GHz), and obtained half-power beamwidths greater than and in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively. Then a microstrip printed dipole antenna with low cross-polarization level was designed. In order to reduce its cross-polarization level, the antenna adopts a double-sided printed dipole arm structure; by loading parasitic elements, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is greatly expanded. The size of the antenna is 47×33×1.57mm³, which achieves an impedance bandwidth of about 76.9% (2.4～5.4GHz), and cross-polarization levels greater than -40dB and -20dB are obtained in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively.

 

Secondly, miniaturized broadband design based on microstrip printed dipole antenna. A broadband miniaturized microstrip printed dipole antenna is designed. By improving the coupling slot line as a stepped loading sector structure, and using the multi-level impedance transformation technology and the method of loading the fan shape at the feeding balun matching end, the broadband and miniaturization of the microstrip printed dipole antenna are realized. The size of the antenna is 19.5×14.6×0.47mm³, which realizes an impedance bandwidth of about 40%(8～12GHz), and obtains half-power beamwidths greater than and in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively. Then the antenna is formed into a 1×5 array, and it is fed with a one-to-five unequal feed network. The size of the array is 120×67×15.7mm³. The simulation results show that the antenna array gain≥10.26dBi, H plane beam width> , E plane beam width> . Finally, the array is processed and tested, and the test results are consistent with the simulation results.

 

Thirdly, low sidelobe design based on microstrip printed dipole antenna. A low-side lobe antenna array is designed, and the requirements of low side lobe are realized by using Taylor amplitude weighted distribution. The proposed antenna array is composed of a cascade of sixty-four unequal feed networks and antenna arrays. The antenna structure size is 1728×22×112.55mm³. Simulation results show that antenna array gain≥22dB, the beam width≤ and the SLL≤-25dB, which meet the design index requirements. The integrated processing of the antenna array and the feed network is beneficial to reduce the errors generated during the installation process, and has certain practical value in engineering.

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