伴随着经济全球化与互联网技术的迅猛发展，高校成了多种文化碰撞的聚集地，各高校都可能因学生违纪处理、心理疾病和校园安全事故等突发因素而陷于舆论危机中。高校如果缺乏相应的应急措施和没有及时采取合理的舆情引导战略，高校的群体突发事件发生率会导致不可遏制的升高，严重危害校园安全，损害师生利益，对高校学生的成长和高等院校的声誉产生负面影响。因而，高校网络舆情危机管理成为了学者们研究的热点。整体来看，我国高校网络舆情管理工作整体水平不高，在舆情危机事件的应对以及处理上还存在不少问题，如风险意识薄弱、信息渠道利用不足、舆论引导意识淡薄等问题。

       本文立足于公共危机管理理论、舆情管理理论和危机管理4R模型，对我国高校网络舆情管理现状、存在的问题及归因分析进行探究。首先，梳理出当前学术界对高校危机管理和高校网络舆情管理的现状以及研究成果等相关内容，对国内外高校危机管理和舆情管理方面取得的经验进行归纳总结，为文章提供理论支撑。其次，本文采用问卷调查法，以双向调查问卷为主，以访谈调查为辅，针对N高校网络舆情管理现状分析并结合相应研究成果进行实证研究。同时，通过调查问卷及访谈信息的数据统计，结合N高校三个典型舆情危机案例——N高校学生坠亡事件；N高校“老师打女生”事件和N高校学生在微博发布学校负面帖子事件三个经典案例的分析下，发现N高校的舆情危机管理工作存在：缩减阶段危机意识不强；预备阶段检测预警不到位；反应阶段协调不及时；恢复阶段疏导不彻底的问题。最后，结合4R危机管理理论对N高校网络舆情管理的缩减、预备、反应和恢复四个阶段进行归因及对策的提出建议。针对网络舆情危机缩减阶段提出加强警惕网络舆情危机思维和信息整合和风险评估的建议；针对网络舆情危机预备阶段提出加强高校网络舆情的监测预警、提高网络舆情的分析研判水平、增强高校舆情危机应对和健全高校协同联动机制的建议；针对网络舆情危机反应阶段提出构建权威的信息发布平台、加强对媒体的管理和沟通的建议；针对网络舆情危机恢复阶段提出恢复正常网络秩序、重建师生心理防线的建议。综上，本文通过对基础理论的归纳整理，4R理论的具体应用和调查方法的创新，为高校网络舆情管理问题的研究提供了理论补充，在发现问题的基础上，对改善N高校网络舆情管理水平提出了相应的解决办法和优化措施，并为后续学者进一步的深入分析提供了方法的借鉴和参考。

With the development of globalization economy and internet technology, colleges have become gathering places for multi-cultural collisions. Judging from the current actual situation of colleges and universities, college emergencies are mainly concentrated in the handling of student violations, mental illness and campus safety accidents, etc., which are the main concentration aspects of college emergencies. If colleges and universities lack corresponding emergency measures and fail to take reasonable measures in time, the public opinion guidance strategy of colleges will cause an unstoppable increase in the incidence of group emergencies in colleges and universities. It seriously endangers campus safety, damages the rights of people in colleges , and also make a negative impact of the students and the school prestige. Thus, the management of network public opinion in colleges become a hot spot for scholar. In general, Chinese universities do not have a high level of internet public opinion management. Additionally, there are a lot of issues with how public opinion crisis situations are handled and responded to. For instance, there are accompany with additional issues, poor risk knowledge, inadequate use of information channels, and poor awareness of public opinion direction.

The 4R model of crisis management is the foundation for this paper's analysis. To investigate the existing state, issues, and fixes for Chinese college opinion management. First of all, it declare the situation and results of other scholars’ study of university network public opinion management. Secondly, the experience gained in crisis management in domestic and foreign universities is summarized. Third, this paper selects the questionnaire to collect the data for empirical research to find out the level management of N universities and combined with corresponding research results. The following problems of N universities were found by the study of the three typical public opinion crisis cases of N universities: the crisis awareness of the reduction stage is not strong; The early warning detection is not in place; Untimely coordination of the reaction phase; The recovery phase is not thoroughly channeled. Finally, the attribution and countermeasures of the four stages of N universities are proposed,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in the preparatory stage,. For the shrinking stage, it proposed to strengthen vigilance against the thinking of the integration of information and risk assessment. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in the preparatory stage, it suggested enhancing network public opinion monitoring and early warning systems in colleges and universities, raising the bar for network public opinion analysis and judgment, enhancing college and university responses to public opinion crises, and enhancing their coordination and linkage systems.For the response stage, it proposed to build an authoritative information release platform and strengthen the management and communication of the media. For the recovery stage, it is proposed to restore normal network order and rebuild the psychological defense line of teachers and students. In summary, through the induction and collation of basic theories, this paper provides theoretical supplements for the investigation of internet public opinion management issues in universities, determines the solutions and optimization measures for improving the level of network public opinion management in N universities, and serves as a reference for further in-depth analysis by subsequent researchers. It does this through the specific application of the 4R theory and the innovation of survey methods.

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