近年来我国耗费了大量的资源及时间，投入到脱贫攻坚任务之中，借助精准脱贫理念及社会主义的制度优势，在短时间内完成了全国范围的精准脱贫任务、消除了绝对贫困成为了人类消除贫困史上浓墨重彩的一笔。对于我国广大农村地区而言，绝对贫困的消除代表着各农村已经寻找到了适合自身的脱贫道路，实现了自身对于绝对贫困的消除。相对于脱贫时期消除绝对贫困这一主要目标而言，乡村振兴时期的目标和主要困难发生了改变，防止广大乡村地区返贫成为了保卫脱贫攻坚成果以及各地方政府所需要达成的目标。

T县L社区作为长期以来存在较多绝对贫困人员的贫困地区，在精准扶贫期间通过金融扶贫和交通扶贫等多种方式实现了绝对贫困的消除。在乡村振兴背景下，作为典型的农村社区，L社区在在基层党组织的领导下，探索形式多样的治理模式，在脱贫攻坚中取得了胜利后，乡镇脱贫群众返贫问题仍然存在各方面的隐患。本文以L社区脱贫人口的返贫风险因素予以分析，结合乡村振兴战略背景下农村地区存在的风险隐患，进而给予相应的防止返贫的具体对策。

本项研究基于现有的相关研究，依托贫困代际走向理论、贫困治理理论和贫困陷阱理论，通过对乡村振兴、返贫和农村社区等重要概念的界定，针对T县L社区脱贫人口的返贫风险因素分析，结合该社区的具体情况，剖析L社区当前返贫风险因素，基于机制、环境、个体和循环型等层面识别L社区的各种返贫风险，在乡村振兴大背景下，本项研究提出完善返贫风险阻断的相关机制，通过严格把控贫困退出关口、 构建返贫预警机制、完善返贫防控的协同保障机制应对机制型返贫风险；提出发挥政府支持政策优势，通过引入扶贫技术支持、利用扶贫市场倾斜、落实政策补助以规避环境型返贫风险；提出构建具有针对性的培训体系，通过激发内生动力、建立正向的激励机制以规避个体型返贫风险；提出建立全面长效合作体系，通过加强社区内外部建设、促进医疗体系建设、推广政企合作产业和共享资源信息规避循环性返贫。阻断对策中，从四个方面来确保L社区的脱贫人口返贫问题能够顺应经济社会发展规律，更加能因地制宜地提出行政办法和经济激励措施。在本研究的支持下，L社区在提升自身防范措施的落实水平和落实范围的同时，坚持综合施策、协调推进，可以探索出一条从根本上规避返贫风险的有效路径。

In recent years, China has devoted a great deal of resources and time to the task of poverty alleviation, with the aid of the precise concept of poverty eradication and the institutional advantages of socialism, in a short period of time, we have accomplished the task of poverty eradication nationwide and eliminated absolute poverty, which has become a highlight in the history of poverty eradication. For the vast rural areas of our country, the elimination of absolute poverty represents that the rural areas have found a suitable way to lift themselves out of poverty, to achieve their own eradication of absolute poverty. In contrast to the main objective of eradicating absolute poverty in the period of poverty eradication, the objectives and main difficulties of the period of rural revitalization have changed, preventing widespread poverty in rural areas is a poverty alleviation achievement, and one that local governments need to achieve.

 

The L community of T county, as a poor area where there are many absolute poor people for a long time, has achieved the elimination of absolute poverty through various means such as financial poverty alleviation and transportation poverty alleviation during the period of precise poverty alleviation. In the context of rural revitalization, as a typical rural community, L community, under the leadership of the grass-roots party organizations, explored various forms of governance models, and achieved victory in the poverty alleviation, there are still hidden dangers in various aspects in the problem of poverty alleviation among the masses in villages and towns. Based on the analysis of the risk factors of the poverty reduction of L community population, this paper combined with the hidden risks in rural areas under the background of rural revitalization strategy, and then gave the corresponding specific countermeasures to prevent the poverty reduction.

 

This study is based on the existing relevant research, relying on the theory of the intergenerational trend of poverty, the theory of poverty governance and the theory of poverty trap, through the definition of the important concepts of rural revitalization, poverty return and rural communities, based on the analysis of the risk factors of returning to poverty of L community in T county, combining with the specific conditions of this community, this paper analyzes the risk factors of returning to poverty of L community at present, based on mechanism, environment, individual and circulation, this study identifies the various return-to-poverty risks of L community, and proposes the relevant mechanisms to improve the return-to-poverty risk blocking in the context of rural revitalization, by strictly controlling the exit of poverty, building an early-warning mechanism for returning to poverty, and improving the coordinated mechanism for preventing and controlling returning to poverty, we should deal with the institutional risk of returning to poverty, through the introduction of technical support for poverty alleviation, the use of pro-poor market preference, the implementation of policy subsidies to avoid the risk of environmental poverty; proposed to build a targeted training system, to avoid the risk of individual type returning to poverty by stimulating endogenous motivation and establishing positive incentive mechanism; to propose the establishment of a comprehensive and long-term cooperative system, through strengthening the construction inside and outside the community, promoting the construction of the medical system, promoting the government-enterprise cooperation industry and sharing the resource information, we can avoid circular poverty reduction. In the blocking countermeasures, we can ensure that the problem of poverty alleviation and return to poverty in L community can conform to the law of economic and social development, and put forward administrative measures and economic incentives more according to local conditions. With the support of this research, L community, while improving the implementation level and scope of its own preventive measures, insists on the comprehensive implementation and coordinated promotion, we can explore an effective way to avoid the risk of returning to poverty.

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