国家认同是指国民对于本国的历史文化、风俗习惯、政治制度、意识形态等方面的认同，是一个国家巩固、稳定和发展不可或缺的社会基础，也是一个国家立足于国际社会必不可少的条件。随着全球化程度的提高，人口、资本和文化的跨国流动不断加剧，国家模式正在迅速改变。随着技术的创新进步和资本全球化扩散，民族国家作为文化、政治和经济组织的核心的地位不断下降。全球化带来的混杂多样的社会思潮的冲击，深刻影响着我国青年一代的国家认同。大学生是我国非常重要的储备人才，他们的国家认同情况不仅关乎个人自身素质的发展也关系到国家稳定与民族复兴。

在此情景下，本文通过梳理和借鉴国内外相关研究构建理论分析框架并提出具体研究问题和研究假设。通过设定量表搜集数据并进行统计分析与构建模型，对我国大学生的国家认同水平及其影响因素进行了描述性分析和解释性研究，探究其内在机制与关键影响因素，并在此基础上，提出提升我国大学生国家认同的有效路径。

研究发现：我国大学生群体总体国家认同程度较高。其在各维度的得分略有不同；不同群体大学生在国家认同方面存在显著差异；家庭年收入、月生活费、学历层次会负向预测大学生的国家认同水平，就业预期、民族认同、思政课满意度、新媒体使用、自尊、幸福感指数、一般自我效能感会正向预测大学生国家认同水平，民族身份也会对大学生的国家认同水平有预测作用，社会保障、政治面貌、政治参与、性别、户口对国家认同影响不显著；总体样本中，从各组影响因素来看个体心理因素贡献率最高，其次是政治因素，再次是文化因素，贡献率最低的是经济因素。各因子贡献由高到低依次为民族认同、自尊、一般自我效能感、主观幸福感、思政课满意度、社会保障新媒体浏览新闻频率、学历层次、月生活费、家庭年收入、专业、民族身份。因此，在培育大学生国家认同时要注重以下几个方面：明晰不同群体国家认同提升需求与策略；将中华民族共同体意识融入思想政治教育；不断提升大学生思想政治教育理论课满意度；培养提升国家认同的积极心理资本。

National identity is how citizens recognize their country’s history, culture, customs, political system, ideology and other aspects. It is a vital social foundation for a country’s cohesion, stability and development, and also a requirement for a country to have a place in the international community. As globalization increases, the cross-border movement of population, capital and culture grows more intense, and the national model changes fast. With the innovation and progress of technology and the spread of capital globalization, the role of the nation-state as the core of cultural, political and economic organization declines. The influence of the mixed and diverse social currents brought by globalization deeply affects the national identity of China’s young generation. College students are crucial reserve talents in China. Their national identity not only influences their personal quality development but also concerns national stability and national revival.

 

In this context, this paper develops a theoretical analysis framework and formulates specific research questions and hypotheses by reviewing and drawing on relevant research at home and abroad. By designing a scale to collect data and perform statistical analysis and model construction, it conducts descriptive analysis and explanatory research on the level of national identity and its influencing factors among college students in China, investigates its internal mechanism and key influencing factors, and based on this, suggests effective ways to enhance the national identity of college students in China.

 

The research found that the overall national identity of college students in China is high. Their scores in different dimensions vary slightly; there are significant differences in national identity among different groups of college students; annual household income, monthly living expenses, and educational level have a significant negative impact on national identity; employment expectations, ethnic identity, satisfaction with ideological and political courses, new media use, self-esteem, happiness index, general self-efficacy have a significant positive impact on national identity; ethnic identity also has a significant impact on national identity; social security, political status, political participation, gender, household registration have no significant impact on national identity; in the total sample, from the perspective of various influencing factors, individual psychological factors have the highest influence, followed by political factors, followed by cultural factors, and the lowest influence is economic factors. The influence of each factor from high to low is ethnic identity, self-esteem, general self-efficacy, subjective well-being, satisfaction with ideological and political courses, social security new media browsing news frequency, educational level, monthly living expenses, family annual income, major, ethnic identity. Therefore, in cultivating college students’ national identity, we should pay attention to the following aspects: clarify the needs and strategies of different groups to improve national identity; integrate the sense of community of the Chinese nation into ideological and political education; continuously improve the satisfaction of college students’ ideological and political education theory courses; cultivate and enhance positive psychological capital for national identity.

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[254] 习近平在北京大学师生座谈会上的讲话[N]. 人民日报, 2018-05-03(2).
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