科马克·麦卡锡是美国当代著名小说家和戏剧家，曾获福克纳基金会“最佳新人奖”、古根海姆奖等，被誉为美国当代小说界的重要作家之一。他的小说受到广大读者的欢迎及评论界的美誉。《路》是麦卡锡的第十部作品，于2006年出版，次年赢得普利策奖。小说一经出版，便引起了国内外学术界的广泛关注。这是一部有关末日题材的小说，描述了一对父子游历毁灭后的美国。这对父子的旅程向读者展示了末日来临后自然界以及人类生活的变化，体现出人类与自然关系的恶化，人与人之间关系的异化，以及人类自身精神世界的崩塌。生态批评是在生态环境破坏日益严重的背景下产生的，致力于探讨文学乃至整个人类文明与自然之间的关系。近年来，随着环境问题的日趋严重和生态理论的快速发展，从生态批评的视角重新解读这部经典名著，重新思考人类与生态的关系具有现实意义。基于对作品文本的仔细研究，本文旨在揭示《路》中发人深省的生态思想，以唤起人类的责任意识，重建平等和谐的生态系统。
       本文尝试以生态批评为视角，结合美国学者罗尔斯顿的生态整体主义和中国学者鲁枢元的生态“三分法”从以下三个方面研究麦卡锡的《路》：第一方面阐述了小说中的自然生态意蕴。通过描述恶劣的景观，物资的缺少，以及动物的灭亡所呈现的人与自然关系，体现出麦卡锡的生态忧患意识，引发读者对现实中自然环境的思考。第二方面阐述小说中的社会生态，通过末日中人与人之间的异化关系，探讨了麦卡锡对社会生态危机的关注，指出了自然生态危机与社会生态危机之间的联系。小说中男孩对陌生人的善意表现了作者所憧憬的和谐的人际关系，以此唤醒人们沉睡的社会生态危机意识。第三方面研究了小说中的精神生态危机，通过小说中母亲的精神崩溃直至自杀，荒芜对父亲精神的折磨，儿子心中善良的“火种”，进一步分析了人类的精神生态问题，呼唤读者关注精神生态和谐，从而更好地促进自然生态与社会生态的重建。
       基于以上三方面的分析，本文提出促进人与自然，人与人，人与自我和谐共生的倡议，呼吁追寻生态整体平等与共生，期冀进一步提升人类的环保意识，启迪人类重建与自然、社会及自我的关系，以维护人类的持续发展。

As a renowned American novelist and dramatist, Cormac McCarthy is the recipient of the Faulkner Foundation’s Best New Writer Award and the Guggenheim Fellowship, and one of the top writers of contemporary American fiction. His novels have been well-received by readers and critics alike. The tenth book, The Road, was published in 2006 and won the Pulitzer Prize the following year. Upon its publication, the novel attracted widespread academic attention. It is a post-apocalyptic novel about a father and a son traveling in post-destruction America. The journey of the father and the son shows readers how nature and human life has changed since the end of time, reflecting the deterioration of the relationship between human and nature, the alienation of human relationships, and the collapse of the human spiritual world. As a form of literary criticism, ecocriticism has emerged in tandem with the growing problem of environmental destruction, exploring the relationship between literature and nature. With the increasing seriousness of environmental problems and the development of ecological theory, it is of practical significance to reinterpret this classic work from an ecocritical perspective and to adjust the relationship between human beings and nature. Through detailed textual analysis, this thesis aims to reveal thought-provoking ecological ideas to arouse the awareness of human responsibility and rebuild the harmonious and unified relationship between human beings and nature. 

Drawing on the ecological holism of Holmes Rolston III and the ecological trichotomy of Lu Shuyuan, the thesis explores McCarthy’s The Road in the following three aspects: The first aspect elaborates on the ecological implications of nature. By describing the poor landscape, the lack of materials, and the relationship between man and nature as presented by the extinction of animals, McCarthy’s ecological thinking is reflected, provoking the reader to think about the natural environment in reality. The second aspect illustrates the social ecology, exploring McCarthy’s concern for the social-ecological crisis through the alienated relationship between humans, and pointing out the connection between the natural-ecological crisis and the social-ecological crisis. The kindness of the boy to strangers shows the harmonious interpersonal relationships that the author envisages as a way of awakening people to the social-ecological crisis. The third aspect examines the spiritual crisis. Through the collapse of the mother’s spirit, the torture of the father’s spirit by the desolation, and the kindness of the son, the spiritual ecology of human beings is demonstrated, calling the reader’s attention to the spiritual-ecological harmony, and promoting the reconstruction of the natural and social ecology.

Based on the above three aspects of analysis, the thesis proposes an initiative to promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, man and man, and man and self, calling for the pursuit of ecological equality and coexistence as a whole, in the hope of further arousing the environmental awareness of human beings and enlightening human beings to rebuild their relationship with nature, society and themselves to maintain their sustainable development.

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