教条主义作为一种与马克思主义相悖的思想方法与工作方法，历来被我们党所抵制。以毛泽东为主要代表的中国共产党人在领导中国革命和建设的过程中，自觉批判和肃清教条主义，形成了批判教条主义的历史经验、理论成果和实践成就。对毛泽东批判教条主义进行深入研究，有助于我们立体地、系统地认识毛泽东对教条主义的批判，正确地理解和掌握毛泽东思想的精髓与价值，有助于我们在现代化建设新征程中不断推进马克思主义中国化的历史进程。

本文以毛泽东的经典著作以及相关的书籍为主要依据，在深入梳理和分析相关文献的基础上，对毛泽东批判教条主义进行系统地、立体地研究。本文在明晰教条、教条主义，梳理党史上的教条主义的基础上，阐明了教条主义与宗派主义、党八股的联系，澄清了教条主义与经验主义的耦合关联，理清了毛泽东批判教条主义的理论来源。毛泽东批判教条主义有其特定的历史背景，其包括：寻找中国革命、建设的道路需要马克思主义的正确指导；正确对待共产国际的指导；合理借鉴前苏联革命和建设的经验。毛泽东深刻地指出教条主义在本质上是一种主观主义，是一种错误对待马克思主义的态度和做法，教条主义者往往迷信“本本”，迷信理论。他指出教条主义善于装出马克思主义的面孔，对中国革命和建设事业危害巨大。教条主义在思想上扼杀了马克思主义的生机与活力；行动上偏离了中国革命建设的实际情况；党的建设上损害了党的先进性与纯洁性；政治上严重地脱离了人民群众。

毛泽东是党内批判教条主义的先行者和集大成者，他对教条主义的批判贯穿中国革命和建设过程的始终，在这个历程中他对教条主义的认识和批判不断加深，由一开始行动上的自觉抵制和实践中具体行动原则的总结，发展为后来理论与实践两个方面的全面展开并形成一定的理论体系。在大革命时期，毛泽东及时对党内的教条主义错误进行了批判和纠正，倡导要深入实地调查，从行动上自觉抵制教条主义的错误倾向；在中央苏区时期，他继续同党内的教条主义作斗争，首倡调查研究的科学方法，从理论上初步批判教条主义；在延安时期，他领导全党开展了整风运动，从理论和实践两个层面对教条主义进行了全面地批判和清算；新中国成立以后，他对社会主义革命过程中出现的盲目照搬苏联模式提出了严厉的批判，强调要“以苏为鉴”，并提出了“埋葬教条主义”，进一步探索了对教条主义的批判。不难看出，毛泽东始终坚决同教条主义作斗争，主要从认识论、发展观和历史观三个理论维度对教条主义作出了深刻地批判。在批判教条主义的历程中，他在全党确立了实事求是的思想路线；形成了群众路线的工作方法和领导方法；树立了理论联系实际的学风。

学史明智，以史为鉴。深入总结毛泽东批判教条主义的正反经验，探究毛泽东批判教条主义的历史意义，是为了立足于当今，为新时代推进马克思主义中国化提供借鉴与启示。面对世界处于百年未有之大变局，中国处于近代以来最好的发展期，在两个一百年的历史交汇期，我们要弘扬实事求是的精神，时刻警惕教条主义；坚持实事求、守正创新，不断推进中国特色社会主义的发展；积极加强党内民主制度建设，为防止教条主义再生提供制度保障；始终坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想来指导中国式现代化建设的卓越实践，在实践中持续推进理论创新，推进马克思主义中国化。

Dogmatism, as an ideological and working method contrary to Marxism, has always been resisted by our Party. In the course of leading China's revolution and construction, the Chinese Communists, with Mao Zedong as the main representative, consciously criticized and purged dogmatism and formed historical experience, theoretical achievements, and practical achievements in criticizing dogmatism. Conducting in-depth study of Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism will help us to understand Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism in a three-dimensional and systematic way, correctly understand and grasp the essence and value of Mao Zedong Thought, and help us continuously promote the historical process of sinification of Marxism in the new journey of modernization.

Based on Mao Zedong's classic works and related books, this paper conducts a systematic and three-dimensional study of Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism on the basis of in-depth combing and analyzing relevant literature. On the basis of clarifying dogma and dogmatism and combing the dogmatism in the history of the Party, this paper clarifies the connection between dogmatism and sectarianism and the eight strands of the party, clarifies the coupling relationship between dogmatism and empiricism, and clarifies the theoretical sources of Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism. Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism has its specific historical background, including: Finding the road to China's revolution and construction requires the correct guidance of Marxism; Correct treatment of the guidance of the Comintern; Rationally draw on the experience of the revolution and construction of the former Soviet Union. Mao Zedong profoundly pointed out that dogmatism is essentially a kind of subjectivism, an attitude and practice of wrongly treating Marxism, and dogmatists often believe in "the original book" and superstitious theory. He pointed out that dogmatism is good at putting on the face of Marxism and is of great harm to China's revolution and construction. Dogmatism has ideologically stifled the vitality and vitality of Marxism; Deviations from the actual situation of China's revolutionary construction in action; Party building has damaged the advanced nature and purity of the Party; Politically, it is seriously divorced from the masses of the people.

Mao Zedong was the forerunner and aggregator of criticism of dogmatism within the Party, and his criticism of dogmatism ran through the whole process of China's revolution and construction, and in this process his understanding and criticism of dogmatism was constantly deepened, from the conscious resistance in action at the beginning and the summary of the specific principles of action in practice, to the comprehensive development of theory and practice and the formation of a certain theoretical system. During the period of the Great Revolution, Mao Zedong promptly criticized and corrected the dogmatic errors within the Party, advocating in-depth field investigation and consciously resisting the erroneous tendencies of dogmatism in action; During the period of the Central Soviet Region, he continued to struggle against dogmatism within the Party, initiated the scientific method of investigation and research, and initially criticized dogmatism in theory; During the Yan'an period, he led the whole party to carry out the rectification movement, comprehensively criticizing and liquidating dogmatism from both theoretical and practical levels; After the founding of New China, he put forward a severe criticism of the blind copying of the Soviet model that appeared in the process of socialist revolution, emphasizing the need to "take the Soviet Union as a mirror" and put forward "burying dogmatism" to further explore the criticism of dogmatism. It is not difficult to see that Mao Zedong has always resolutely fought against dogmatism and has made profound criticisms of dogmatism mainly from the three theoretical dimensions of epistemology, development and history. In the course of criticizing dogmatism, he established the ideological line of seeking truth from facts in the whole Party; The working and leading methods of the mass line have been formed; It has established a study style of integrating theory with practice.

It is wise to study history and take history as a mirror. To thoroughly sum up the positive and negative experiences of Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism and explore the historical significance of Mao Zedong's criticism of dogmatism is to base ourselves on the present day and provide reference and enlightenment for promoting the sinification of Marxism in the new era. In the face of the world in a century of unprecedented changes, China is in the best period of development in modern times, in the two hundred years of historical convergence period, we must carry forward the spirit of seeking truth from facts, always vigilant against dogmatism; Adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, abiding by integrity and innovation, and continuously promoting the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics; Actively strengthen the construction of the democratic system within the Party and provide institutional guarantees for preventing the recurrence of dogmatism; Always adhere to the excellent practice of guiding The Chinese-style modernization construction with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, continue to promote theoretical innovation in practice, and promote the sinification of Marxism.

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