脉冲星辐射的射电信号是一种天体导航信号，具有高精度、高可靠性。然而，观测脉冲星射电辐射信号需要具备大尺寸天线的观测设备，若仅使用射电信号对航天器导航，就需要在航天器上也装有大尺寸观测设备，增加了航天器自身的重量，因此，目前脉冲星射电辐射信号在航天器导航中的应用受到了很大限制。而X射线脉冲星导航需要脉冲星辐射稳定的X射线周期脉冲信号，当不满足该条件时，就会导致X射线脉冲星导航的精度降低。基于脉冲星信号的组合导航思想，本课题有效地将脉冲星辐射的射电信号和X射线信号进行融合，用于航天器的导航。此方法不需要长期接收到稳定的脉冲星信号、且无需增加成本，为航天器提供了一种新的导航方式。本文的主要研究内容如下。

（1）为了联合不同频段辐射的脉冲星信号对航天器导航，本文优选了同时在X射线和射电频段都具有良好辐射特性的导航脉冲星。基于航天器接收脉冲星X射线信号的数学模型，模拟出了星载探测器接收X射线信号的光子到达时间序列，并通过历元折叠处理得到了清晰的积累脉冲轮廓。

（2）脉冲星在射电波段和X射线波段的脉冲轮廓存在相位差，因此观测模型需要考虑由此相位差引起的时间差。以X射线脉冲星的观测方程为基础，建立了星地联合脉冲星导航观测方程，并采用了差分观测的方法来减小系统误差对导航精度的影响，最终，建立了星地联合差分脉冲星导航的观测方程，以进一步提高导航精度。

（3）针对脉冲星观测可能出现的较大测量误差问题，结合航天器轨道动力学模型，并借助UKF算法对由脉冲星观测方程获得的航天器状态信息进行修正，以提高导航信息的准确性和可靠性，通过仿真验证了本文所提方法的可行性及正确性。

（4）对星地联合差分脉冲星导航方法进行模拟仿真，仿真实验结果表明，该方法具有减小系统误差、有效提高导航精度的特点，满足航天器导航要求。随着近年来科技的快速发展，装有大口径天线的射电望远镜能够观测到越来越多的在射电波段的脉冲星辐射信号，采用差分导航的方法，将脉冲星辐射的射电信号与X射线信号共同用于航天器导航，该方法能够应用于更多场景、对脉冲星辐射信号要求较低、且可以消除钟差对导航精度的影响。

The radio signals emitted from pulsars are a type of celestial navigation signal that offers high precision and reliability. However, the observation of pulsar radio radiation signals requires observation equipment with large-scale antennas. If only radio signals are used to navigate the spacecraft, large-scale observation equipment must also be installed on the spacecraft, which increases the weight of the spacecraft itself. Therefore, the current application of pulsar radio radiation signals in spacecraft navigation has been greatly restricted. X-ray pulsar navigation, on the other hand, relies on the stable X-ray periodic pulse signal emitted from pulsars. When this condition is not met, it can result in poor accuracy for X-ray pulsar navigation. Based on the concept of combined navigation using pulsar signals, this study effectively combines the radio signals emitted from pulsars with X-ray signals for spacecraft navigation. This method does not require the long-term reception of stable pulsar signals nor does it increase costs, providing a new navigation method for spacecraft. The main research contents of this article are as follows.

(1) In order to use pulsar signals that emit radiation in different frequency bands for spacecraft navigation, this article selects navigation pulsars that have good radiation characteristics in both the X-ray and radio frequency bands. Based on a mathematical model for spacecraft reception of pulsar X-ray signals, the time series of photon arrivals of the X-ray signal received by the satellite detector is simulated, and a clear accumulated pulse profile is obtained through epoch folding processing.

(2) Pulsars exhibit a phase difference in their pulse profile between the radio and X-ray bands, therefore, the observation model needs to consider the time delay caused by this phase difference. Based on the observation equation of X-ray pulsars, a satellite-ground joint pulsar navigation observation equation was established, and the differential observation method was adopted to reduce the influence of system errors on navigation accuracy. Ultimately, the observation equation for the satellite-ground joint differential pulsar navigation was established to further improve the navigation accuracy.

(3) To address the issue of large measurement errors that may occur in pulsar observations, this study combined a spacecraft orbit dynamics model and used the UKF algorithm to correct the spacecraft state information obtained from the pulsar observation equation, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of navigation information. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed method were verified through simulations.

(4) Simulations were conducted on a differential pulse star navigation method for satellite-ground joint navigation. The results of the simulation experiments indicate that this method has the characteristics of reducing system errors and effectively improving navigation accuracy, meeting the requirements for spacecraft navigation. With the rapid development of technology in recent years, radio telescopes with large aperture antennas can observe more and more pulsar radiation signals in the radio band. By using the differential navigation method, the pulsar radiation radio signals and X-ray signals can be jointly used for spacecraft navigation. This method can be applied to more scenarios, requires lower requirements for pulsar radiation signals, and can eliminate the influence of clock bias on navigation accuracy.