近年来，随着国家经济快速发展，公路、民航等基础设施不断建成完善，各种交通方式均得到长足发展。与此同时，不同交通方式之间对运输对象的竞争也日趋激烈。铁路运输作为综合交通体系中的骨干，在蓝天保卫战、公转铁及碳达峰等国家政策的背景下，尽管享有政策红利优势，但随着中小机场的密集建设、高速公路的迅猛发展和物流企业的崛起，铁路运输面临越来越激烈的市场竞争和挑战。因此，如何重塑企业核心竞争能力、拓展生存发展空间，进一步释放铁路在立体交通体系中的骨干效能及作用成为了铁路企业亟需解决的问题。

本文通过实地调研及数据收集，以Y集团铁路货运业务为研究对象，首先研究企业内部的优势与劣势，结合IFE矩阵对各要素测量和评价。其次运用“PEST”模型和“波特五力”模型对Y集团公司货运业务外部环境的机遇与威胁进行分析，通过EFE矩阵对各要素进行测量和评价。然后根据前述研究，展开SWOT分析并提出备选方案。结合战略定位和目标，通过QSPM矩阵的分析，得出Y集团公司应采取多元化发展战略。

结合当前能源产业转型升级而近期国家仍以煤为主要能源的基本国情，本文制定以多元化发展战略为主、战略联盟为辅的发展战略，即：“稳大宗、增白货，补短板、提质效，开放合作、互利共赢”。之后，从完善货物运价机制、优化货物运输结构、健全客户服务机制、加强运输组织、路企携手合作等五个方面推进发展战略实施，通过加快基础设施建设、深化企业文化建设、优化人力资源配置、提高信息化建设水平、完善企业财务管理制度等方面完善战略保障环节，以确保战略的落地实施。

在国家运输结构调整及能源产业转型的时代背景下，为使Y集团公司在运输行业保持长久竞争力并实现高质量可持续发展，本文聚焦“白货”运输对其在运输市场份额构成、健全现代物流体系等方面的重要作用，制定了货运业务发展战略，并提供具体对策方案。同时，这些研究结果亦对其它铁路运输企业货运业务发展战略规划具有一定借鉴意义。此外，本文对铁路货运业务发展理论研究作了进一步探索补充，具有一定的理论创新意义。

In recent years, with rapid economic growth, infrastructure such as highways and civil aviation has been built, fine-tuned, and various modes of transportation have evolved. The competition between different modes of transportation for transporting goods has become increasingly fierce. Railway transport, as the backbone of the comprehensive transportation system, faces increasingly fierce market competition and challenges in the context of the Blue Sky Defense War, public-to-rail transitions, and carbon reduction goal . Despite enjoying the advantages of policy dividends, with the intensive construction of small and medium-sized airports, rapid development of highways, and the rise of logistics enterprises, railway enterprises must address the pressing problem of reshaping their core competitiveness to expand their space for survival and development while taking on serious responsibilities in the three-dimensional transportation system.

 

Through field research and data collection, this paper focuses on the freight business of Y Group Company. The internal strengths and weaknesses of the company were researched, and each element was measured and assessed in conjunction with the IFE matrix. Next, this paper analyzes the opportunities and threats in the external environment of Y Group Company's freight business using the "PEST" model and "Porter's Five Forces" model, and measures and evaluates each element through the EFE matrix. The EFE matrix was employed to measure and analyze each element. Then, based on the aforementioned research, a SWOT analysis was carried out, and multiple plans were proposed. The QSPM matrix was used to conclude that Group Y should implement a diversification strategy. Afterward, the strategic positioning and objectives of the company were clarified, and the corresponding diversified development strategy was formulated in light of the current national energy structure, which is currently dominated by coal, namely: "stabilize bulk, increase white goods, make up for shortcomings, improve quality and efficiency, open up and cooperate for mutual benefit and win-win." The company will stimulate the implementation of the development strategy in five aspects, including improving the freight transport mechanism, optimizing the freight transport structure, improving the customer service mechanism, strengthening the transport organization and cooperation between the road and the enterprise, etc. It will also refine the strategic guarantee links by accelerating the construction of infrastructure, deepening the establishment of corporate culture, optimizing the allocation of human resources, improving the level of information construction, and enhancing the financial management system of the enterprise to ensure the strategy's successful implementation.

 

In the context of national transport restructuring and energy industry transformation, in order to maintain the long-term competitiveness of Y Group Company in the transport industry and achieve first-rate sustainable development, this paper focuses on the prime role of "white goods" transport in the composition of its transport market share and the development of a modern logistics system. At the same time, it also has significance for other railway transport enterprises in terms of strategic planning for freight business development. In addition, this paper further explores and supplements the theoretical research on the development of railway freight business, which holds unquestionable theoretical innovation significance.

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