2019 年 9 月 6 日，央行印发《金融科技发展规划（2019-2021 年）》， 指出商业银 行应提高金融科技的应用能力，实现金融业与高新技术的深度融合、协调发展，提 高人们对数字金融服务的满意度，更好的惠及民生与服务百姓，推动金融业的可持 续健康发展。纵观历史可以发现，科技在金融业的创新发展中起到了举足轻重的作 用，商业银行作为金融业的核心部分，其稳健程度关系到国家的经济安全。另外， 金融科技的引入给商业银行带来了诸多不确定，由此带来的激烈竞争也影响着商业 银行主动承担风险的意愿， 一定程度上影响了银行的稳健发展。在此背景下，本文 研究在金融科技驱动下的商业银行主动承担风险的意愿发生了怎样的变化？进而研 究金融科技发展对我国商业银行稳健经营的影响过程。
       本文在总结国内外关于金融科技研究文献的基础之上，首先阐述了金融科技的 概念、发展历程、对商业银行稳健经营的内在影响机制以及应用现状。其次，在构 建金融科技指数过程中，选择以百度指数为基准采用文本挖掘法构建金融科技发展 指数，此方法可以较为准确的反映新兴科技在我国银行业的具体应用情况。然后， 使用 13 家商业银行近 10 年的年度面板数据，以风险为切入角度，建立固定效应模 型，并利用 Stata 软件进行基准回归，对金融科技如何影响商业银行主动承担风险的 意愿进而影响商业银行的稳健经营进行实证分析。由于不同产权性质的商业银行对 金融科技的应用表现存在异质性，故分样本探究金融科技与商业银行稳健经营之间 的关系及内在机制，并通过系统广义矩估计方法改变回归模型进行稳健性检验。最 后，对实证结果进行讨论、提出建议以及总结本研究的不足。
       经过研究，本文可以得到以下结论：第一， 金融科技对商业银行稳健经营存在 先负面后正面的影响，呈现出先降后升的 U 型趋势。 在发展初期，金融科技为不利 于商业银行的稳健经营，在发展后期，将有利于商业银行的稳健经营。第二， 相比 大型国有商业银行来说，非国有商业银行凭借其较小的资本存量在面对金融科技冲 击时反应更加敏感迅速，经营稳定性受到金融科技的影响较大， 容易使商业银行业 务发展受限。 基于此，本文分角度从国家和银行两方面提出既有整体性又有针对性 的政策建议，助力商业银行在科技赋能下加快数字化转型升级，实现“银行+科技” 的新发展模式。

On September 6, 2019, the Central Bank issued the Financial Technology Development Plan (2019-2021), which points out that commercial banks should improve the application ability of financial technology, realize the deep integration and coordinated development of the financial industry and high-tech, improve people's satisfaction with digital financial services, and better benefit people's livelihoods and services, then promote the sustainable and healthy development of the financial industry. Throughout history, it can be found that science and technology have played a pivotal role in the innovative development of the financial industry. As the core part of the financial industry, the stability of commercial banks is related to the national economic security. In addition, the introduction of financial technology has brought a lot of uncertainties to commercial banks, and the resulting fierce competition also affects the willingness of commercial banks to take risks, and thus affects the stability of banks. In this context, this thesis studies what changes have taken place in the willingness of commercial banks to take risks under the background of financial technology? And then study the influence of financial technology development on the sound operation of commercial banks.

Based on the summary of domestic and foreign research literature on financial technology, this thesis first expounds the concept, development process, internal influence mechanism and application status of financial technology. Secondly, in the process of building the fintech index, we choose to build the fintech development index based on Baidu Index and adopt the text mining method, which can more accurately reflect the specific application of science and technology in China's banking industry. Then, using the annual data of 13 commercial banks in the past 10 years, the fixed effect model is established from the perspective of risk, and the Stata software is used for regression analysis to how fintech affects the willingness of commercial banks to take risks and thus affects the stability of banks. Due to the differences in the application performance of fintech by different types of commercial banks, the relationship and internal mechanism of their stable operation were explored in groups, and the regression model was changed to test the robustness. Finally, the empirical results will be discussed and the shortcomings of this study will be summarized.

After the study, this thesis can draw the following conclusions: First, financial technologyhas a negative and then positive impact on the sound operation of commercial banks, showing a U-shaped trend of first decreasing and then increasing. In the early stage of development, fintech is unfavorable to the sound operation of commercial banks, and in the later stage of development, it will be conducive to the sound operation of commercial banks. Second, compared with large state-owned commercial banks, non-state-owned commercial banks respond more quickly to the impact of fintech with their smaller capital stock, and their operational stability is greatly affected by fintech, which is easy to limit the development of commercial banks. This thesis puts forward comprehensive and targeted policy recommendations from both the national and the bank level, promote commercial banks to accelerate digital transformation and upgrading under the power of technology, to realize the new development model of“bank + technology” .

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