研究目的：探索教练员服务型领导行为对大学生网球运动员训练比赛满意度的作用以及作用机理；研究信任变量在教练员服务型领导行为与训练满意度之间是否具有中介作用。

研究方法：本文采用文献资料法、量表测试法、数理统计法及逻辑分析法。运用Cronbach系数、跨样本效度检验、多元线性回归分析等统计方法对数据进行处理。

研究对象：参加第25届中国大学生网球锦标赛（总决赛）暨第20届中国高校“校长杯”网球比赛甲、乙、丙、丁组的大学生网球运动员为研究对象。以参加第25届中国大学生网球锦标赛（总决赛）暨第20届中国高校“校长杯”网球比赛的大学生网球运动员为样本来源。发放问卷212份，收回有效问卷201份。参加总决赛的网球运动员共有696名，样本中的201名网球运动员大部分为取得比赛前八名的选手。其中包括男生142人、女生59人，平均年龄20岁，国家一级以上网球运动员1名；国家一级网球运动员29人；国家二级网球运动员152人；未定网球运动等级或等级缺失19人。

研究结果：1.《教练员服务型领导行为量表》的总体Cronbach为0.913；拟合度指标x²=145.103（P=0.000），df=51，x²/df=2.845，RMSEA=0.096，CFI=0.981，IFI=0.919，NFI=0.880。《运动员对教练员信任量表》的总体Cronbach为0.942；拟合度指标x²=120.849（P=0.000），df=32，x²/df=3.777，RMSEA=0.098，CFI=0.913，IFI=0.914，NFI=0.887。《训练比赛满意度量表》的总体Cronbach为0.768；x²=121.895（P=0.000），df=14，x²/df=4.114，RMSEA=0.094，CFI=0.742，IFI=0.746，NFI=0.729。2.教练员服务型领导行为的标准化偏回归系数B系数=0.791，P=0.000。3.进行信任在教练员服务型领导行为对训练比赛满意度的中介检验时，回归系数分别为0.791***、0.788***、0.166/0.794***。

研究结论：1.教练员服务型领导行为对大学生网球运动员的训练比赛满意度具有正向影响。其中，愿景、服务、授权维度均对大学生网球运动员的训练比赛满意度具有正向影响。2.大学生网球运动员对教练员的信任在教练员服务型领导行为与大学生网球运动员的训练比赛满意度关系中具有中介作用。其中，大学生网球运动员对教练员的信任在教练员服务型领导的愿景维度与训练比赛满意度关系中具有中介作用，在服务维度与训练比赛满意度关系中具有中介作用，在授权维度与训练比赛满意度关系中具有中介作用。

Research purpose: To explore the effect and mechanism of coaches' service-oriented leadership behavior on college tennis players' training and Competition Satisfaction; To study whether trust variables play an intermediary role between coaches' service-oriented leadership behavior and training satisfaction.

 

Research methods: This paper adopts the methods of scale test, mathematical statistics, literature and logical analysis. The data were processed by statistical methods such as Cronbach coefficient, cross sample validity test and multiple linear regression analysis.

 

Research object: The university tennis players who participated in the 25th China Collegiate Tennis Championship (Finals) and the 20th China University "President's Cup" Tennis Tournament A, B, C and D were the subjects of the study. The sample source is the collegiate tennis players who participated in the 25th China University Tennis Championships (Finals) and the 20th China University "President's Cup" tennis competition. 212 questionnaires were distributed and 201 valid questionnaires were withdrawn. A total of 696 tennis players participated in the finals, and most of the 201 tennis players in the sample were the top eight players in the competition. These include 142 boys and 59 girls, with an average age of 20 years and 1 tennis player of national level or above; 29 national first-class tennis players; 152 national second-class tennis players; There are 19 people who have not set the level of tennis or are missing from the level.

 

Results: 1 The overall Cronbach of coach service leadership behavior scale is 0.913; Fitting index x2 = 145.103 (P = 0.000), DF = 51, X2 / DF = 2.845, RMSEA = 0.096, CFI = 0.981, IFI = 0.919, NFI = 0.880. The overall Cronbach of "athletes' trust in coaches" is 0.942; Fitting index x2 = 120.849 (P = 0.000), DF = 32, X2 / DF = 3.777, RMSEA = 0.098, CFI = 0.913, IFI = 0.914, NFI = 0.887. The overall Cronbach of the training competition satisfaction scale is 0.768; x2 =121.895（P=0.000），df=14，x2/df=4.114，RMSEA=0.094，CFI=0.742，IFI=0.746，NFI=0.729。 2. The standardized partial regression coefficient of coaches' service-oriented leadership behavior B coefficient = 0.791, P = 0.000. 3. In the intermediary test of coaches' service-oriented leadership behavior on Training Competition Satisfaction, the regression coefficients are 0.791 * * *, 0.788 * * *, 0.166 / 0.794 * * * respectively.

 

Research conclusions: 1 Coaches' service-oriented leadership behavior has a positive impact on the training and Competition Satisfaction of college tennis players. Among them, the dimensions of vision, service and authorization have a positive impact on the training and Competition Satisfaction of college tennis players. 2. College tennis players' trust in coaches plays an intermediary role in the relationship between coaches' service-oriented leadership behavior and college tennis players' training and competition satisfaction. Among them, the trust of college tennis players in coaches plays an intermediary role in the relationship between the vision dimension of coaches' service-oriented leadership and training and Competition Satisfaction, in the relationship between service dimension and training and Competition Satisfaction, and in the relationship between authorization dimension and training and competition satisfaction.

[1] GREENLEAF R.K, Robert K. The servant as leader[M]. Indianapolis：Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership, 1970:13.
[2] Greenleaf R K. Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power＆greatness [M]. New York: Paulist Press,1977: 27-30.
[3] Birkenmeier B, Carson P, Carson K. The father of Europe: An analysis of the supranational servant leadership of Jean Monnet[J]. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 2003,53:374-400.
[4] Spears L C. Insight on leadership: service, stewardship, spirit and servant leadership[M]. New York: John Wiley,1998.
[5] Farling M L, Stone A G., Winston B. Servant leadership: Setting the stage for empirical research [J]. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 1999,6(1-2):49–72.
[6] Laub J A. Assessing the servant organization: development of the servant organizational leadership assessment( OLA) instrument[D]．Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University,1999: 6．
[7] Laub, James Alan, Florida Atlantic University. Assessing the servant organization: Development of the Servant Organizational Leadership Assessment (SOLA) instrument[J]. 2000.
[8] Irving J A, Longbotham G J . Team effectiveness and six essential servant leadership themes: A regression model based on items in the Organizational Leadership Assessment[J]. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2007, 2(2):98-113.
[9] Chiniara M, Bentein K. The servant leadership advantage: When perceiving low differentiation in leader-member relationship quality influences team cohesion, team task performance and service OCB[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2018, 29(2):333-345.
[10] Page D, Wong T P. A conceptual framework for measuring servant leadership. In S. Adjibolosoo (Ed.), The human factor in shaping the course of history and development[J]. Oxford: University Press of America, 2000: 69-109.
[11] Russell R F. Exploring the values and attributes of servant leaders [D].ProQuest database, Regent University,2000:105-114.
[12] Russell R F., The role of values in servant leadership[J]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal,2001,22(2):76-83.
[13] Denniser, Winston B E, Bruce E. A factor analysis of page and wrongs servant leadership instrument. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 2003 (8): 455- 459.
[14] Dennis, Robert S, Bocarnea, Mihai. Development of the servant leadership assessment instrument.[J].leadership & organization development journal, 2005, 26(8):600-615.
[15] Jowett S, Cockerill I M. Olympic medal lists' perspective of the athlete-coach relationship[J]. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 2003, 4(4):313-331.
[16] Reinke S. Service before self: Towards a theory of servant leadership[J]. Global Virtue Ethics Review, 2004,5(3-4): 30-58.
[17] Kabasakal, Hayat & Bodur, Muzaffer. Humane orientation in societies, organizations, and leader attributes[J]. Sage Thousand Oaks CA, 2004:564-601.
[18] Washington R , Sutton C D, Feild H S. Individual differences in servant leadership: the roles of values and personality[J]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 2006, 27(7/8):700-716.
[19] Liden R C , Wayne S J , Zhao H , et al. Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 2008, 19(2):161-177.
[20] 刘雪影. 服务型领导的理论和实践[D]. 北京：中共中央党校博士论文，2008．
[21] 杨廷钫，凌文辁．服务型领导理论综述［J］．科技管理研究，2008,3:204-207．
[22] Beck C D. Antecedents of servant leadership: A mixed methods study[D], 2010.
[23] Pekertisupa S. Exploring servant leadership across cultures: comparative study in Australia and Indonesia[J]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2010, 21(5):754-780.
[24] Vinod S, Sudhakar B. Servant leadership: A Unique Art of Leadership[J]. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 2011, 2(11) : 456－467.
[25] Peterson S J, Galvin B M, Lange D. CEO Servant Leadership: Exploring Executive Characteristics and Firm Performance[J]. Personnel Psychology, 2012, 65(3):565-596.
[26] 邓志华，陈维政. 服务型领导的研究视角及未来展望[J]. 西南石油大学学报，2012,4（14）:31-36.
[27] Emily M. Hunter and Mitchell J. Neubert and Sara Jansen Perry and L.A. Witt and Lisa M. Penney and Evan Weinberger. Servant leaders inspire servant followers: Antecedents and outcomes for employees and the organization[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2013.
[28] LiuXinyu. Empirical study about the influence of servant leaderships behavior on employee[D]. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2014.
[29] 邓志华，陈维政. 服务型领导、组织文化与员工绩效的关系研究[J]. 西南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）,2015,36(04):140-146.
[30] Spears L.C. Insight on leadership: service, stewardship, spirit and servant leadership[M]. New York: John Wiley,1998.
[31] Ehrhart, M. G. Servant-leadership: An overview and directions for future research[J]. Working paper,1998.
[32] Laub J. A., Assessing the servant organization: development of the organizational leadership assessment(OLA)instrument [D].ProQuest database, Indiana Wesleyan University,1999:4-5.
[33] Page D, Wong T P. A conceptual framework for measuring servant leadership. In S. Adjibolosoo(Ed.), The human factor in shaping thecourse of history and development[J]. Oxford: University Press of America, 2000: 69-109.
[34] Russell R F, Stone A G. A review of servant leadership attributes: Developing a practical model[J]. Leadership and Organization Development Journal,2002(23):145-157.
[35] Sendjaya S. Development and validation of servant leadership behavior scale[C]. Servant Leadership Research Roundtable,Regent University, 2003.
[36] Ehrhart, M. G. Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecedents of unit-level organizational citizenship behavior[J]. Personnel Psychology, 2004,57(1), 61–94.
[37] Dennis, Robert S, Bocarnea, Mihai. Development of the servant leadership assessment instrument.[J]. leadership & organization development journal, 2005, 26(8):600-615.
[38] Barbuto J. E. Scale Development and Construct Clarification of Servant Leadership[J]. Group & Organization Management An International Journal, 2006, 31(3):300-326.
[39] Barbuto J.E. Wheeler D.W. Scale development and construct clarification of servant leadership[J].Group & Organization Management,2006,31(3):300-326.
[40] Liden R C , Wayne S J , Zhao H , et al. Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 2008, 19(2):161-177.
[41] 汪纯孝，凌茜，张秀娟. 我国企业公仆型领导量表的设计与检验[J]. 南开管理评论， 2009(3): 94-103.
[42] 吴维库，姚迪． 服务型领导与员工满意度的关系研究［J］． 管理学报，2009，4:338-341．
[43] 徐冬洁. 中国文化背景下服务型领导及其相关研究[D]. 河南大学研究生学位论文，2010.
[44] 孙健敏，王碧英. 公仆型领导：概念的界定与量表的修订[J]. 商业经济与管理，2010（5）：24-30.
[45] 王碧英. 公仆型领导：量表的修订与作用效果[J]. 理论探讨，2010,2:153-156.
[46] Liden R C , Wayne S J , Liao C , et al. Servant Leadership and Serving Culture: Influence on Individual and Unit Performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2014, 57(5):1434-1452.
[47] 白勇．基于中国国情的企业公仆型领导评价体系研究[J]. 经济论坛，2016,1:119-124.
[48] 于少勇，陈洪波，张鑫. “三大球”项目教练员服务型领导行为的结构及测量[J]. 武汉体育学院学报，2020,54(05):82-87.
[49] Rieke M, Hammermeister J, Chase M. Servant Leadership in Sport: A New Paradigm for Effective Coach Behavior[J]. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2008,3(2):227-239.
[50] Lyman Estel Ellis. The Relationship between Intercollegiate Coaches' Servant Leadership and their Athletes' Ethically-Related Sport Orientations and Behaviors[D]. University of Missouri-St. Louis, 2016.
[51] Robinson, Gordon Matthew. Leadership and Social Effectiveness in Sport: Conceptualizations and Investigation of Servant Leadership and Political Skill[D]. Baylor University,2018.
[52] Lapoint E, Vandenbergh C. Examination of the relationships between servant leadership, organizational commitment, and voice and antisocial behaviors[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2018, 148(1):99-115.
[53] Rabiul Md Karim，Patwary Ataul Karim，Panha IM， The role of servant leadership, self-efficacy, high performance work systems, and work engagement in increasing service-oriented behavior[J]. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 2021:1-23.
[54] 楚尧娟，尹钊，梁艳，张瑞，乔高星，郝洁，刘冲，杨婷，杜书章. 医院药学管理者服务型领导行为与药师工作满意度的现状、影响因素及相关性分析[J]. 中国药房，2022,33(03):366-371.
[55] 杨振宏，白雪，刘欢，石威. 服务型领导对矿工积极安全行为的影响研究[J]. 安全与环境学报，2022,22(01):211-217.
[56] Riemer H A. A Classification of Facets of Athlete Satisfaction[J]. Journal of Sport Management, 1997,11(2):133-159.
[57] Wilem W, Jose H. The satisfaction with life scale(SWLS)）: appraisal with 1700 healthy young adults in The Netherlands[J]. Personality and individual difference,1999,26:815-826.
[58] 解缤. 个人项目专业运动员训练比赛满意感的因素结构及对相关变量的预测[D]. 北京体育大学，2007.
[59] 解缤. 个人项目专业运动员训练满意度对赛前情绪的预测作用[J]. 体育科学，2008, 28(4):15-18.
[60] 于少勇. 篮球运动员对球队的信任与训练比赛满意度、团队凝聚力的关系[J]. 体育科学，2010,30(06):85-91.
[61] 牛志培. 青少年足球运动员的群体凝聚力：结构及训练比赛满意感的关系[D]. 北京体育大学，2012.
[62] 湛慧，薛雨平，朱建勇. 花样游泳运动员运动性心理疲劳、训练比赛满意感与赛前情绪关系. 体育与科学，2015,36(3):108-113.
[63] 郭宇刚. 运动员依恋、关系维持策略与运动员—教练员关系质量的研究[D]. 上海体育学院， 2016.
[64] 潘越，陆雯. 教练员领导行为与网球运动员运动成绩的关系：群体凝聚力与训练比赛满意感的链式中介效应[J]. 辽宁体育科技，2021,43(06):70-75.
[65] 苗秀影，曹立智，迟立忠. 教练员－运动员关系对训练比赛满意感的影响：领悟社会支持的中介作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志，2022,30(01):149-152+156.
[66] Rimere R, Chelladurail P. Leadership and satisfaction in athletic[J]. Journal of sport and exercise psychology,1995,17(2):276-293.
[67] Rimere R, Chelladurail P. Development of the athlete satisfaction questionnaire(ASQ) [J]. Journal of sport &exercise psychology,1998,20(1):127-100.
[68] 张力为，梁展鹏. 运动员的生活满意感：个人自尊与集体自尊的贡献[J]. 心理学报， 2002, 34(2):160-167.
[69] 张力为，毛志雄．体育科学常用心理量表评定手册[M]．北京：北京体育大学出版社，2004：99-100.
[70] 俞捷，孙昕怡. 运动员的公平知觉对于运动员对教练员的信任预测. 第十届全国运动心理学学术会议[C], 2014.
[71] 李佳薇，鲁长芬，罗小兵. 高校教练员领导行为对竞赛表现的影响研究：群体凝聚力与训练比赛满意感的链式中介效应[J]. 体育与科学，2017,38(06):87-96+109.
[72] 张卓. 跳水运动员人格因素与教练员领导行为对运动员—教练员关系和训练比赛满意感的影响[D]. 武汉体育学院，2019.
[73] 汪冰青，杨阿丽，丁其玉. 运动员感知的变革型领导行为对团队凝聚力的影响：运动员角色投入与训练比赛满意感的多重中介效应[A]. 中国体育科学学会.第十一届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编[C].中国体育科学学会：中国体育科学学会，2019:5323-5325.
[74] 潘越，陆雯. 教练员领导行为与网球运动员运动成绩的关系：群体凝聚力与训练比赛满意感的链式中介效应[J]. 辽宁体育科技，2021,43(06):70-75.
[75] 韩贝宁，马婧宇，梁青. 中学体育教师服务型领导行为与中学生体育锻炼满意感的相关关系研究：基于有调节作用的中介变量模型[J]. 首都体育学院学报，2020,32(06):529-537.
[76] 雷井生，冷俊峰. 中小企业组织的上向信任对员工任务绩效影响的实证研究[J]. 现代管理科学，2008,(11):108-109.