摘要

战术瞄准网络技术（TTNT，Tactical Targetting Network Technology）系统作为美军最新一代战术数据链系统，能够对短暂出现的移动目标实施打击，真正实现 “发现即摧毁”的能力。它的一跳距离（185公里）内2ms的突发传输时延要求与正在发展的5G通信技术指标相当。它的高速宽带、基于IP协议的Ad hoc组网方式能够充分发挥分布式网络化作战效能。对TTNT进行研究，无论是从通信技术发展上还是我军数据链系统更新换代上来说，都具有非常重要的借鉴意义。本文主要对TTNT的MAC层的统计优先级多址接入（SPMA，Statistical Priority-based Multiple Access）协议进行探索性研究。

所取得的主要研究成果为：

结合TTNT的工作场景和业务进行分析，总结出8种业务类型，并区分这8种业务类型与有线网络多媒体业务的不同。结合每个用户的带宽保证，得到不同种类业务的到达速率、服务速率和业务强度比例。这样，为业务优先级划分和最高优先级业务的排队时延保证提供可能性。

从相关文献中发现一种可以用来解决TTNT低时延和误包率之间矛盾的方法-快速收发切换(RODD,Rapid On-Off-Division)。这听起来很像时分复用方法或码分复用方法，但事实上已经产生了质的变化，它能够实现虚拟全双工和多包接收（VFD-MPR, Virtual Full-Duplex – Multi packet Reception）的能力，在此基础上进一步形成一种虚拟全双工-多包接收（VFD-MPR）多址接入方式。这样，能够为实现极低时延提供可能性。

从时间尺度切换的角度出发，发现SPMA协议实际上可以从时间、频率、业务、空间上看成是四种多址接入方式的结合：VFD-MPR多址接入方式、多信道跳频交互式多址接入方式、优先级队列多址接入方式和定向天线多址接入方式。这四种多址接入方式之间具有一定的相似性。论文在第五章中介绍了前三种多址接入方式，因为这三种方式能有效降低接入时延，在结束语部分提到了第四种多址接入方式。

通过假设网络中业务和节点业务之间具有一定的相似性，建立了SPMA协议中三个关键参数中的其中的两个之间的关系，从而建立起节点外部信道占用情况和内部优先级队列之间的联系。结合上面对TTNT业务的划分，给出了优先级门限参数设定，从而使得信道占用统计值和各优先级门限可以直接进行比较。

 

关 键 词：战术瞄准网络技术， 统计优先级多址接入， 虚拟全双工， 低时延

论文类型：应用基础研究类

ABSTRACT

As the newest generation of tactical data link system of U.S. military, Tactical Targetting Network Technology(TTNT) System is capable of attacking the   transient moving target, and realizes truely the ability of “Find and Kill”. The claim of 2-millisecond of burst transmission delay in a hop distance of 185 kilometers is in accordance with the pursuit of the evolving 5G communication technology. And also, the high-speed broadband, IP-based Ad hoc networking scheme of TTNT can give full play to the distributed networked operational effectiveness. The research on TTNT is of great significance to both the development of communication technologies and the upgrading progress of our own data link system. This paper is mainly an exploration of the Statistical Priority-based Multiple Access (SPMA) protocol of TTNT’s MAC layer.

The main results obtained are as follows:

1) An analysis is made combining the working scenarios and traffics of TTNT, then 8 types of services appear and are distinguished from that of wired network multimedia services. Considering the bandwidth guarantee of each user, we get the arrival rates, service rates and traffic strength ratios of different types of services. Thus, it is possible to make an assurance of the prioritization and the low queueing delay of the highest priority services.

2) A method, Rapid On-Off-Division (RODD), is found from the literature that can be used to solve the contradiction between the low delay command and the packet error rate requirement of TTNT. The method sounds like the time-division multiplexing or the code-division multiplexing, but actually has produced a qualitative change. It can realize the virtual full duplex and multi packet reception (VFD-MPR) function, and further a VFD-MPR multiple access scheme. Then, it is possible to approach an extremely low latency.

3) Start from the perspective of the time-scale swiching, the author find that SPMA protocol can be seen as  a combination of four  multiple access schemes, exactly the VFD-MPR multiple access scheme, the multi-channel frequency-hopping rendezvous multi-access scheme, the priority-queueing multiple access scheme and the directional-antenna multiple access scheme from the viewpoint of time, frequency, services and space domain, respectively. There are some definite similarities among the four multiple access schemes. The paper introduces the first three schemes in Chapter 5 since they can reduce effectively the access delay. The fourth one is mentioned in the Conclusion part.

4) Assuming a certain similarity exists between the network services and the user services in traffic strength, we establish the relationship between two of the three key parameters of SPMA protocol so as to build a bridge between the external channel occupancies and the internal priority queue of one user. Referring to the traffics partition of TTNT aforementioned, we give the parameter setting of the priority thresholds. Thereby, the channel occupancies statistics can be compared directly with each priority threshold.

 

Keywords: TTNT, SPMA, virtual full-duplex, low latency

Type of Thesis: Applied Basic Research

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