本篇论文为翻译实践报告。 翻译原稿件收录于IEEE网站，文章名为Cybersecurity in Big Data Era: From Securing Big Data to Data-Driven Security。其作者来自美国华盛顿霍华德大学电气工程与计算机科学系数据科学与网络安全中心。这是一篇研究回顾型的科技论文，主要描写了从保护大数据到大数据保护下的网络安全的发展趋势及其他相关技术。原作者语言功底硬，专业论述详。因此源文本是一篇优质的科技学术论文，值得深入探讨。

被动句高频率使用是科技英语文本的一大特征。 本篇翻译实践报告以卡特福德翻译转换理论为指导，从层次转换和范畴转换两个方面探讨科技英语文本中被动句的翻译。本文把被动句研究细化到动词研究上。层次转换方面，被动语态的翻译主要涉及到词汇和语法层面转换，以此实现原文意思的全面表达；范畴转换方面，笔者分别从结构转换、词类转换、单位转换三方面进行探讨，主要的创新之处在于词类转换中细分的三类翻译转换，为科技英语文本被动句子翻译贡献了新思路。

经研究，笔者得出结论: 卡特福德翻译转换理论对科技文本中被动句翻译有很强的指导意义。笔者总结出被动句各类转换的特点和方法，既有利于提升语言的流畅性、地道感，也为其他译者处理科技英语文本被动句翻译提供了经验。

This is an English-to-Chinese translation practice report. The source text is taken from a scientific paper entitled Cybersecurity in Big Data Era: From Securing Big Data to Data Driven Security published in IEEE with author from the Data Science and Cybersecurity Center (DSC), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, USA. This is a research-reviewing scientific paper that mainly describes the development trend and other related technologies about data security, cybersecurity, cryptography, etc. The source text is a high-quality scientific and technological academic paper with nice language expression and rigorous academic argumentation, which is worthy of further investigation.

 

The frequent use of passive sentences is a major feature of EST texts. The translation practice report, guided by Catford’s Translation Shifts Theory, explores the translation of the passive voice in EST texts from two aspects: level shift and category shift. In terms of level shift, the translation of passive voice mainly involves conversion at the lexical and grammatical levels to convey the meaning of the original text. In terms of category shift, the author discusses structure shift, unit shift, and class shift. The innovation of the report lies in the 3 types of translation method subdivided in unit shift, which provides new ideas for the passive sentence translation of EST texts.

 

Through this translation practice, the author concludes that Catford’s Translation Shifts Theory has strong guiding significance for the passive sentence translation of EST texts. The author summarizes the characteristics and methods of various types of passive sentence shifts, which not only helps to enhance the fluency and authenticity of the language, but also provides experience for other translators to handle the translation of passive sentences in EST texts.

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