近年来，基因多态性已成为研究领域中的热门。基因决定着生命的根本结构和功能，储存着生命的种族、血型、成长和凋亡过程的全部信息。因此研究基因多态性具有非常重要的意义。本文旨在讨论儿茶酚胺氧甲基转移酶(COMT)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、细胞黏附分子和信号受体(NPTN)和腺苷A2A受体(A2A)四种基因的多态性。通过认知行为学(包括智力和记忆力)和睡眠纺锤波来研究基因多态性对人体表现行为的影响。论文以基因多态性、智力测试、记忆力测试和睡眠的理论为研究背景，概述它们的基本概念。从智力、记忆力和睡眠三个方向分析基因多态性对人体的影响。通过血液采样获得被试的基因，请专业公司分析出其基因型。根据韦氏智力量表、记忆量表对被试进行智力测试和记忆力测试，获得智力和记忆力结果。对于睡眠EEG数据，研究睡眠结构、睡眠阶段以及纺锤波提取，重点研究纺锤波的密度、平均频率、平均幅度和平均持续时间于基因多态性的相关性。通过对100名满足条件的被试采集5ml血液获得基因样本。根据基因多态性进行分组，对他们进行同样的智力测试、记忆力测试和睡眠实验。利用22.0版本的SPSS对结果进行单因素ANOVA分析，再对显著性结果进行事后检验，得出具体的基因型对人体的影响。结果表明，基因多态性与认知行为的研究中，BDNF(rs6265)的A型纯合子与携带G基因的组合在记忆测试中的联想(P=0.04)和触摸(P=0.02)有着显著性差异，AG基因型和GG基因型在智力测验中的知识分测验有着显著性差异，P=0.03；NPTN(rs7171755)的A型纯合子与G型纯合子在智力测验中的数字广度分测验有着显著性差异，P=0.03。在基因多态性与睡眠纺锤波的研究中，发现COMT(rs4680)的AG杂合子与G型纯合子在每个电极上的纺锤波平均频率有着显著性差异，P<0.05；BDNF(rs6265) 在左额叶的纺锤波平均持续时间上，AA型与GG型表现出显著性差异(P=0.03)，AG型与GG型表现出显著性差异(P=0.03)；NPTN(rs7171755) 的AA型与AG型在右额叶的纺锤波密度上表现出显著性差异，P=0.02，在中间的中央区域的纺锤波密度上也表现出显著性差异，P=0.04；ADORA2A (rs5751876)的CT杂合子和T纯合子与左侧中央区域的纺锤波持续时间有着显著性差异，P=0.03。本文的结果表明COMT(rs4680)、BDNF(rs6265)、NPTN(rs7171755)和ADORA2A (rs5751876)四种基因的多态性对人体的智力、记忆力和睡眠可能是有作用的。本研究结论提高了我们对基因多态性的进一步认识，某种程度上为基因多态性的研究提供了理论支持。

In recent years, gene polymorphism has become a hot research field. Genes determine the basic structure and function of life, and store all the information about the race, blood group, growth and apoptosis of life. So it is very important to study gene polymorphism. In this paper, we discuss the polymorphism of four kinds of genes, Catecholamine Oxygen Methyl Transferase (COMT), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Neuroplastin (NPTN) and Adenosine A2A receptor (A2A). Study the influence of gene polymorphisms on human performance through the behavior (including intelligence and memory) and wave sleep spindle . The background of this thesis is about the basic concepts of genetic polymorphism, intelligence test, memory test and sleep. Analysis of the effect of gene polymorphism on the human body from three aspects of intelligence, memory and sleep. The gene was obtained by blood sampling, and the genotype was analyzed. According to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, the amount of memory table of intelligence test and memory test, intelligence and memory results are obtained. For sleep EEG data, on sleep architecture, sleep stages and spindle wave extraction, focusing on spindle wave density, average frequency, average amplitude and mean duration in the correlation of gene polymorphism. Blood samples were collected from 100 subjects with 5ml blood . Grouping them according to the genetic polymorphism, the same intelligence tests, memory tests and sleep experiments were performed on them. Using the 22 version of the SPSS to the results of single factor ANOVA analysis, and then to the results of the post test, the specific genotype of the human body. In the study of gene polymorphism and cognitive behavior , there was significant difference in the knowledge in the intelligence test between BDNF(rs6265) AG and GG genotype, P=0.03; there is a significant difference in the number test of in the intelligence test betwen NPTN(rs7171755) AA and GG genetype, P=0.03. In the study of gene polymorphism and sleep spindles, found that COMT (rs4680) AG heterozygous and G homozygous at each electrode spindle wave average frequency has a significant difference, P<0.05; BDNF (rs6265) in the left frontal lobe spindles average duration, type AA and type GG show significant differences (P=0.03), AG and GG showed significant difference (P=0.03); NPTN (rs7171755) AA and AG showed significant difference in the right frontal lobe, spindle density on P=0.02, in the central area in the middle of the spindle density also showed significant differences. P=0.04; ADORA2A (rs5751876) CT heterozygous and T homozygous has a significant difference in the left central region of the spindle wave duration, P=0.03. The results of this paper show that the gene polymorphism of BDNF(rs6265)、NPTN(rs7171755)、COMT (rs4680) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) may have a certain effect on the intelligence, memory and sleep of the human body. The conclusion of this study provided a theoretical support for the further study of gene polymorphism, which provides a theoretical support for the study of gene polymorphism.

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