微腐败即未构成犯罪、仅受到党政纪处分或者其它组织处理的腐败案件和行为。统计显示，县级及以下党政机关、基层组织处理的腐败案件95％以上均属于微腐败。县级及其以下的基层党政机构及其基层组织的微腐败，是微腐败治理的重点领域。进一步探讨县级及以下的微腐败治理，具有重要的意义。

以Ｘ县为例，2017—2020年之间，X县因微腐败问题被处分的基层干部中，违反政治纪律占2%，经济贪腐占54%，作风懈怠占21%，生活腐化占23%，呈现出以经济问题为主，工作作风和生活作风为辅的微腐败问题结构。X县纪委监委通过抓作风、开展专项整治，仅2021年，查处违反中央八项规定精神案件与群众身边的腐败和作风问题共计196起269人；收集问题线索40条，组织处理10人，给予党纪政务处分22人，移送司法机关2人；开展专项治理，起底、收集问题线索6条，立案查处18人，组织处理3人，追回财政资金二十余万元，对涉嫌违法犯罪的8名相关人员移交县公安机关处理等。但是，微腐败问题依然突出，微腐败治理形势还很严峻，对微腐败现象的认识不足，重视不够；收不良风气影响，社会反响不够一致；监督执行存在不到位现象，村级监督制度缺失；“事前”监督不到位，“事后”惩戒不及时等。这些现象的存在，主要是干部日常教育和管理不足；制度建设尚不完备；绩效考核有缺失，激励机制不健全；专职监督机构作用监督作用发挥仍然不足；审计与财政监督有时难以延伸等造成的。

从X县具体情况来看，要进一步做好微腐败治理，一是要重视微腐败治理的源头，加强思想认识，加强干部教育及日常管理；二是要加强微腐败治理的制度堤防，进一步完善和及时检视修复制度不足；三是重视微腐败治理的物质和心理疏导，重视公务人员合理的物质利益和精神利益需要的实现途径，通畅实现渠道；四是切实加大对微腐败问题的惩戒力度，增加震慑。

通过问卷调查法、访谈法、文献法、案例分析法等研究表明“微腐败”问题虽小，但影响及其恶劣，不利于良好政治生态的形成。千里之堤毁于蚁穴，重视微腐败问题，及时、从严惩戒微腐败，能有效减少“中小腐败”、“大贪腐”的产生，同时做好思想建设、制度建设，一体推进“不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐”体制机制建设，为我国跳出历史周期律贡献纪检力量。

Micro-corruption refers to corruption cases and acts that do not constitute a crime and are only subject to party and government disciplinary sanctions or handled by other organizations. Statistics show that more than 95 percent of the corruption cases handled by party and government organs and grassroots organizations at the county level and below are micro-corruption. Micro-corruption in grass-roots party and government organs and their grass-roots organizations at the county level and below is a key area for micro-corruption governance. It is of great significance to further explore the governance of micro-corruption at the county level and below.

 

Taking County X as an example, between 2017 and 2020, among the grassroots cadres in County X who were punished for micro-corruption, 2% violated political discipline, 54% were economically corrupt, 21% were lax in work style, and 23% were corrupted in life, showing a micro-corruption problem structure based on economic problems and supplemented by work style and life style. The X County Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision has investigated and dealt with a total of 196 cases of corruption and work style problems around the masses in 2021 alone, through grasping work style and carrying out special rectification; 40 clues were collected, 10 people were organized and handled, 22 people were given party discipline and government sanctions, and 2 people were transferred to judicial organs; Carry out special governance, investigate and collect 6 clues about problems, file and investigate 18 people, organize and deal with 3 people, recover more than 200,000 yuan of financial funds, and transfer 8 relevant personnel suspected of violations and crimes to the county public security organs for handling. However, the problem of micro-corruption is still prominent, the situation of micro-corruption governance is still very serious, and the understanding and attention to the phenomenon of micro-corruption is insufficient. Negative culture influence, social response is not consistent enough; Supervision and implementation are not in place, and the village-level supervision system is lacking; "Beforehand" supervision is not in place, and "after" punishment is not timely. The existence of these phenomena is mainly due to the lack of daily education and management of cadres; Institutional construction is not yet complete; There are deficiencies in performance appraisal and imperfect incentive mechanisms; The role of full-time supervisory bodies and the role of supervision are still inadequate; Audit and financial oversight are sometimes difficult to extend.

 

From the perspective of the specific situation of County X, to further do a good job in micro-corruption governance, first, we must pay attention to the source of micro-corruption governance, strengthen ideological understanding, and strengthen cadre education and daily management; Second, it is necessary to strengthen the institutional embankment of micro-corruption governance, and further improve and timely review and repair the shortcomings of the system; The third is to attach importance to the material and psychological counseling of micro-corruption governance, attach importance to the ways to realize the reasonable material and spiritual interests of public servants, and smooth the channels for realization; Fourth, effectively increase the intensity of punishment for micro-corruption and increase deterrence.

 

Through questionnaire survey method, interview method, literature method, case analysis method and other research methods, the results show that although the problem of "micro-corruption" is small, its impact is very bad, which is not conducive to the formation of a good political ecology. Paying attention to the problem of micro-corruption and promptly and severely punishing micro-corruption can effectively reduce the occurrence of "small and medium-sized corruption" and "large corruption", and at the same time do a good job in ideological construction and system construction, and promote the construction of "do not dare to be corrupt, cannot be corrupted, and do not want to be corrupt" as a whole, and contribute discipline inspection forces to our country jumping out of the law of historical cycles.

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